oad, shape, writhe_. By Murray,
two: _load_ and _shape_. With Crombie, and in general with the others too,
twenty-seven verbs are always irregular, which I think are sometimes
regular, and therefore redundant: _abide, beseech, blow, burst, creep,
freeze, grind, lade, lay, pay, rive, seethe, shake, show, sleep, slide,
speed, string, strive, strow, sweat, thrive, throw, weave, weep, wind,
wring_. Again, there are, I think, more than twenty redundant verbs which
are treated by Crombie,--and, with one or two exceptions, by Lowth and
Murray also,--as if they were always regular: namely, _betide, blend,
bless, burn, dive, dream, dress, geld, kneel, lean, leap, learn, mean,
mulct, pass, pen, plead, prove, reave, smell, spell, stave, stay, sweep,
wake, whet, wont_. Crombie's list contains the auxiliaries, which properly
belong to a different table. Erroneous as it is, in all these things, and
more, it is introduced by the author with the following praise, in bad
English: "_Verbs, which_ depart from this rule, are called Irregular, _of
which_ I believe the subsequent enumeration to be _nearly
complete_."--TREATISE ON ETYM. AND SYNT., p. 192.

OBS. 12.--Dr. Johnson, in his Grammar of the English Tongue, recognizes two
forms which would make _teach_ and _reach_ redundant. But _teached_ is now
"obsolete," and _rought_ is "old," according to his own Dictionary. Of
_loaded_ and _loaden_, which he gives as participles of _load_, the regular
form only appears to be now in good use. For the redundant forms of many
words in the foregoing list, as of _abode_ or _abided, awaked_ or _awoke,
besought_ or _beseeched, caught_ or _catched, hewed_ or _hewn, mowed_ or
_mown, laded_ or _laden, seethed_ or _sod, sheared_ or _shore, sowed_ or
_sown, waked_ or _woke, wove_ or _weaved_, his authority may be added to
that of others already cited. In Dearborn's Columbian Grammar, published in
Boston in 1795, the year in which Lindley Murray's Grammar first appeared
in York, no fewer than thirty verbs are made redundant, which are not so
represented by Murray. Of these I have retained nineteen in the following
list, and left the other eleven to be now considered always regular. The
thirty are these: "bake, _bend, build, burn_, climb, _creep, dream_, fold,
freight, _geld, heat, heave_, help, _lay, leap_, lift, _light_, melt, owe,
_quit_, rent, rot, _seethe, spell, split, strive_, wash, _weave, wet,
work_." See _Dearborn's Gram._, p. 37-45.

LIST OF THE