ntal City" (in L. P. Powell,
_Historic Towns of the Southern States_, New York, 1900); J. T. Scharf,
_Chronicles of Baltimore_ (Baltimore, 1874).

BALTZAR, THOMAS (_c._ 1630-1663), German violinist, was born at Luebeck. He
visited England in 1656 and made a great impression on Evelyn and Anthony
Wood. In 1661 he was appointed leader of the king's famous band of
twenty-four violins, but his intemperate habits cut short his career within
two years. Nothing like his violin-playing had ever been heard in England
before, and in all probability the instrumental music of Henry Purcell owes
much to its influence.

BA-LUBA, a Bantu negroid race with several subdivisions; one of the most
important and cultivated peoples of Central Africa. They are distributed
over eight degrees of longitude between Lakes Tanganyika, Mweru and
Bangweulu in the east, and the Kasai in the west. In the east, where they
are found in the greatest racial purity, they founded the states of
Katanga, Urua and Uguha; in the west they have intermixed to some extent
with the Ba-Kete aborigines, whom they have partially dispossessed,
dividing them into two portions, one to the north, the other to the south.
To the western Ba-Luba the name Ba-Shilange has been given. With the
Ba-Luba are connected the founders of the great Lunda empire--now divided
between Belgian Congo and Angola--ruled by a monarch entitled Muata Yanvo
(Jamvo). The westward movement of the Ba-Luba took place in comparatively
recent times, the end of the 18th century or the beginning of the 19th.
Shortly afterwards a chief named Kalamba Mukenge founded a large state.
There followed in 1870 a remarkable politico-religious revolution, the
result of which was the establishment of a cult of hemp-smoking, connected
with a secret society termed _Bena Riamba_; the members of this abandoned
their old fetish worship and adopted a form of communism of which the
central idea was the blood-brotherhood of all the members. Towards the east
hemp-smoking becomes less common.

The Ba-Luba practise circumcision and scar-tattooing is common;
tooth-filing is very frequent in the east, though in the west it is
comparatively rare; the fashion of dressing the hair is very varied and
often extremely fantastic. Their houses, which are built by the women, are
rectangular; on the Lulua, however, pile-houses, square in shape, are
found. They are an agricultural people, but work in the fields is relegated
to the women a