Huseini) Lurs,
occupying the country still known as Shulistan, and extending as far east
and south-east as Fars and the Plain of Kazerun. This tribe prides itself
on its origin, claiming to have come from Seistan, and to be directly
descended from Rustam, whose name is still borne by one of the Mamasenni
clans." (Curzon, _Persia_, II. p. 318.)--H. C.]

V. ISPAHAN? The name is in Ramusio _Spaan_, showing at least that he or
some one before him had made this identification. The unusual combination
_ff_, i.e. sf, in manuscript would be so like the frequent one _ft_, i.e.
st, that the change from Isfan to Istan would be easy. But why Istan_it_?

VI. SHIRAZ [(_Shir_ = milk, or _Shir_ = lion)--H. C.] representing the
province of Fars or Persia Proper, of which it has been for ages the chief
city. [It was founded after the Arab conquest in 694 A.D., by Mohammed,
son of Yusuf Kekfi. (Curzon, _Persia_, II. pp. 93-110.)--H. C.] The last
Dynasty that had reigned in Fars was that of the Salghur Atabegs, founded
about the middle of the 12th century. Under Abubakr (1226-1260) this
kingdom attained considerable power, embracing Fars, Kerman, the islands
of the Gulf and its Arabian shores; and Shiraz then flourished in arts and
literature; Abubakr was the patron of Saadi. From about 1262, though a
Salghurian princess, married to a son of Hulaku, had the nominal title of
Atabeg, the province of Fars was under Mongol administration. (_Ilch.
passim_.)

VII. SHAWANKARA or Shabankara. The G. T. has _Soucara_, but the Crusca
gives the true reading _Soncara_. It is the country of the Shawankars, a
people coupled with the Shuls and Lurs in mediaeval Persian history, and
like them of Kurd affinities. Their princes, of a family Fasluyah, are
spoken of as influential before the Mahomedan conquest, but the name of
the people comes prominently forward only during the Mongol era of Persian
history. [Shabankara was taken in 1056 from the Buyid Dynasty, who ruled
from the 10th century over a great part of Persia, by Fazl ibn Hassan
(Fazluieh-Hasunieh). Under the last sovereign, Ardeshir, Shabankara was
taken in 1355 by the Modhafferians, who reigned in Irak, Fars, and Kerman,
one of the Dynasties established at the expense of the Mongol Ilkhans
after the death of Abu Said (1335), and were themselves subjugated by
Timur in 1392.--H. C.] Their country lay to the south of the great salt
lake east of Shiraz, and included Niriz and Darabjird, Fassa, Forg