h an equally wide range in the wooded country; the
Virginia deer, in one or other of its varietal forms, common to all the
southern parts; the black-tailed deer or mule deer and allied forms, on
the western edge of the plains and in British Columbia; the pronghorn
antelope on the plains, and a small remnant of the once plentiful bison
found in northern Alberta and Mackenzie, now called "wood buffalo." The
wapiti or American elk at one time abounded from Quebec to the Pacific,
and as far north as the Peace river, but is now found only in small
numbers from Manitoba westwards. In the mountains of the west are the
grizzly bear, black bear and cinnamon bear. The black bear is also
common to most other parts of Canada; the polar bear everywhere along
the Arctic littoral. The large or timber wolf is found in the wooded
districts of all the provinces, and on the plains there is also a
smaller wolf called the coyote. In British Columbia the puma or cougar,
sometimes called the panther and the American lion, still frequently
occurs; and in all parts the common fox and the silver fox, the lynx,
beaver, otter, marten, fisher, wolverene, mink, skunk and other
fur-bearing animals. Mountain and plain and Arctic hares and rabbits are
plentiful or scarce in localities, according to seasons or other
circumstances. In the mountains of British Columbia are the bighorn or
Rocky Mountain sheep and the Rocky Mountain goat, while the saddleback
and white mountain sheep have recently been discovered in the northern
Cordillera. The birds of Canada are mostly migratory, and are those
common to the northern and central states of the United States. The
wildfowl are, particularly in the west, in great numbers; their
breeding-grounds extending from Manitoba and the western prairies up to
Hudson Bay, the barren lands and Arctic coasts. The several kinds of
geese--including the Canada goose, the Arctic goose or wavey, the
laughing goose, the brant and others--all breed in the northern regions,
but are found in great numbers throughout the several provinces, passing
north in the spring and south in the autumn. There are several varieties
of grouse, the largest of which is the grouse of British Columbia and
the pennated grouse and the prairie chicken of Manitoba and the plains,
besides the so-called partridge and willow partridge, both of which are
grouse. While the pennated grouse (called the prairie chicken in Canada)
has always been plentiful, the prai