rie hen (or chicken) proper is a more
recent arrival from Minnesota and the Dakotas, to which it had come from
Illinois and the south as settlement and accompanying wheatfields
extended north. In certain parts of Ontario the wild turkey is
occasionally found and the ordinary quail, but in British Columbia is
found the California quail, and a larger bird much resembling it called
the mountain partridge. The golden eagle, bald-headed eagle, osprey and
a large variety of hawks are common in Canada, as are the snowy owl, the
horned owl and others inhabiting northern climates. The raven frequently
remains even in the colder parts throughout the winter; these, with the
Canada jay, waxwing, grosbeak and snow bunting, being the principal
birds seen in Manitoba and northern districts in that season. The rook
is not found, but the common crow and one or two other kinds are there
during the summer. Song-birds are plentiful, especially in wooded
regions, and include the American robin, oriole, thrushes, the cat-bird
and various sparrows; while the English sparrow, introduced years ago,
has multiplied excessively and become a nuisance in the towns. The
smallest of the birds, the ruby throat humming-bird, is found
everywhere, even up to timber line in the mountains. The sea-birds
include a great variety of gulls, guillemots, cormorants, albatrosses
(four species), fulmars and petrels, and in the Gulf of St Lawrence the
gannet is very abundant. Nearly all the sea-birds of Great Britain are
found in Canadian waters or are represented by closely allied species.
(A. P. C.)

_Area and Population._--The following table shows the division of the
Dominion into provinces and districts, with the capital, population and
estimated area of each.

+------------------------+-------------+--------------------------+---------------+
| | | Population. | |
| | Area in +------------+-------------+ Official |
| | sq. mi. | 1881. | 1901. | Capital. |
+------------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+---------------+
| Provinces-- | | | | |
| Ontario | 260,862 | 1,926,922 | 2,182,947 | Toronto |
| Quebec | 351,873 | 1,359,027 | 1,648,898 | Quebec |
| Nova Scotia