orms. The act was the signal for a grand rush by thousands of
Socialist sympathizers."

On Sunday, May 4, 1919, serious trouble with the Socialist-Bolshevist
element of Gary, Indiana, was narrowly averted. The account, as
published in the "Chicago Tribune" on the next day, reads in part as
follows:

"There was no 'Red' parade in Gary yesterday....

"Fifty policemen, wearing revolvers on their belts and reinforced
by a special shotgun squad of sixteen, a company of state militia,
thirty deputy sheriffs, a group of secret service men from Chicago
and hundreds of citizen volunteers, prevented the parade after the
Russian Socialists flouted an order of Mayor W.H. Hodges
prohibiting the march and declared they would proceed despite the
authorities....

"Yesterday's demonstration was the result of a carefully planned
plot matured for nearly a month by the foreign radical element of
Lake County, Indiana. Its stated purpose was to protest against the
conviction of Eugene V. Debs and Kate Richards O'Hare. An
undercurrent of rumor among the radicals gave it a more significant
meaning, however.

"On Thursday secret service men obtained copies of pamphlets
printed in Russian, containing a formula for the manufacture of
explosives. More literature calling for the overthrow of the
government was circulated. A third series of pamphlets contained
the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Republic.

"Friday Morris Lieberman, head of the Socialists, called on Mayor
Hodges for a permit to parade. It was refused with the explanation
that riots such as caused two deaths in Cleveland were feared....

"Early yesterday morning radicals began to arrive in Gary. Cars
from Indiana Harbor, Whiting, Hammond, Crown Point, and trains from
Chicago brought them by the dozens.

"By noon several thousand had gathered in and near the Socialist
headquarters, a mile south of the business district of Gary. Under
portraits of Trotzky and Lenine they sang Russian songs and
gathered about in knots waiting for 'zero hour'--one o'clock.

"Lieberman, fearing bloodshed, decided to counsel his followers
against a parade. They howled him down, however, and hotter heads
took charge of the meeting. A dozen girls, with rolls of red
ribbon, pinned a scarlet strip on the lapel of each man's coat as