r means. The Communist Party alone
had twenty-five newspapers printed in several languages, actively
supporting its cause. This number was being increased weekly, papers
which were formerly Socialist Party organs going over to its support.
The alien editors of most of these papers were taken by the Department
of Justice agents in the raids.

The Department of Justice naturally was most vitally interested in the
promises of violence against the United States Government contained in
the manifesto of the Communists of the Third International, which was
held at Moscow, March 2 to 6, 1919. Among the passages in the Moscow
manifesto which most interested the Department of Justice were the
following:

"Socialist criticism has sufficiently stigmatized the bourgeois
world order. The task of the International Communist Party is now
to overthrow this order and to erect in its place the structure of
the Socialist world order. We urge the workingmen and women of all
countries to unite under the Communist banner, the emblem under
which the first victories have already been won.

"Proletarians of all lands! In the war against imperialistic
barbarity, against monarchy, against the privileged classes,
against the bourgeois state and bourgeois property, against all
forms and varieties of social and national oppression--unite!

"Under the standard of the Workingmen's Councils under the banner
of the Third International, in the revolutionary struggle for power
and the dictatorship of the proletariat, proletarians of all
countries--unite!"

The manifesto is signed by Lenine, Trotzky and other revolutionaries.
Several references are made to the United States, indicating this
country as one of the objectives of the revolutionaries. Describing the
methods to be used, the manifesto says:

"Civil war is forced upon the laboring classes by their arch
enemies. The working class must answer blow for blow, if it will
not renounce its own object and its own future, which is at the
same time the future of all humanity.

"The Communist parties, far from conjuring up civil war,
artificially, rather strive to shorten its duration as much as
possible--in case it has become an iron necessity--to minimize the
number of its victims, and above all to secure victory for the
proletariat."

Under the caption, "The Way to Victory," the mani