ers to unite them with all class conscious workers."

Little need be added concerning the Communist Labor Party. As its
manifesto and program are practically identical with those of the
Communist Party of America, while all its members are likewise
affiliated with the Third or Moscow International, the foregoing
characterization of the Communist Party applies without essential
modification to the Communist Labor Party. The identical character of
these two parties was asserted by A. Mitchell Palmer, Attorney-General
of the United States, in a statement given out January 23, 1920, and
printed in the "New York Times" of the next day, as follows:

"These two organizations are identical in aim and tactics, the
cause for their separate existence being due to the desire of
certain individuals connected with the so-called Left Wing elements
of the Socialist Party to be leaders. For the sake of convenience I
shall refer to members of the Communist Party of America and the
Communist Labor Party as 'Communists.'"

Attorney-General Palmer then quotes from the manifesto of the Third
International, adopted March 6, 1919, at Moscow, to show, as he says,
"that their sole and intimate aim was to accomplish not only the
conquest but the destruction of the idea of the 'State,' as understood
by loyal American citizens," and that "this destruction was not to be
accomplished by parliamentary action, for it is specifically stated that
it is to be by armed conflict with governmental authority." The
Attorney-General's statement then continues:

"It is this manifesto which was adopted by the Communist parties in
the United States as their program of action....

"In the program of the Communists in the United States we find such
statements as the following:

"'Communism rejects the conception of the State; it rejects the
idea of class reconstruction and the parliamentary conquest of
capitalism....

"'The objective is the conquest by the proletariat of the power of
the State. Communism does not propose to capture the bourgeois
parliament of any State, but to conquer and destroy it.'

"We thus find stated in very clear and plain language the fact that
the aim of the Communists of America is for the destruction of the
government. This shows clearly that the organizations of Communists
in this country aim, not at the change of government of the