t
citizens. The most serious Marxian riots took place in Cleveland, Ohio,
and were described in part in the "Chicago Tribune" as follows:

"Cleveland, Ohio, May 1.--An unidentified man was killed by a
detective's bullet, eleven policemen were shot or badly beaten, and
about 100 persons wounded, many seriously, in general rioting which
brought a dramatic finale this afternoon to a Socialist May Day
demonstration here.

"About thirty persons, seriously injured, are in hospitals
to-night, while scores of others, including women, were trampled by
rioters or clubbed by police.

"Socialist headquarters was totally wrecked by angry civilians bent
on putting an end to the demonstration....

"A mob of several hundred threatened police headquarters when C. E.
Ruthenberg, Socialist leader and former Socialist candidate for
mayor, was arrested and for more than an hour the entire downtown
section of the city was a warring mass of Socialists, police,
civilians and soldiers, the latter riding down the rioters in army
trucks and tanks.

"Dozens of shots were fired in Public square, where more than
20,000 Socialists and sympathizers assembled for a May Day rally
and to protest against the convictions of Eugene V. Debs and Thomas
J. Mooney.

"The trouble started in Superior Avenue, near East Ninth Street,
when the head of one of the five Socialist parades, scheduled to
meet in a mass meeting at Public square, was stopped, and Liberty
Loan workers and an army lieutenant tore a red flag from a man at
the head of the marchers, practically every one of whom were
carrying red flags.

"In less than ten minutes riots had developed at several other
points, mounted and foot policemen being switched from one location
to another to quell the fighting.

"The trouble in the public square started when Lieut. H. S. Bergen,
who served with the 80th Division overseas, demanded that several
soldiers among the Socialists on the platform remove their uniforms
or the red flags they wore on their breasts.

"The soldiers refused, and C. E. Ruthenberg, scheduled as the
principal Socialist speaker, interceded for the Socialists.

"Lieut. Bergen, followed by Lieut. John Hardy of Detroit, thereupon
mounted the platform and tore the red insignia from the khaki
unif