ter on,
that this reserve force was sent through the Carpathians, and when the
critical moment did arrive, General Potiorek was unable to avail himself
of its assistance.

It may be well to know how the Austrian forces were disposed just before
the second invasion. There were five whole army corps; one was stretched
out from Klenak to Bosut; another from Bosut to Bijeljina; another from
Janja to Kosluk and another from Kosluk to Zvornik. Aside from this
force there was part of another corps lined up from Zvornik to Liubovia
and one and a half divisions held the front from Semlin to Weisskirchen.
Four battalions were kept busy by the Montenegrins.

It will be remembered that when the expedition into Syrmia began the
bulk of the Serbian army was sent to the western frontier along the
Drina, to be ready to invade Bosnia when the success of the Syrmia
expedition should be assured. But so well is Bosnia wooded in this
section that the Serbians had not been able to observe the concentration
of troops that was going on before them across the Drina.

Suddenly, on the morning of September 7, 1914, the whole frontier along
the Drina, from Jarak south, became alive with Austrian soldiers. North
of Loznitza the fighting took on a very bloody and deadly character. All
day the battle line swayed back and forth with a succession of attacks
and counterattacks. Several times the Austrians almost broke through,
but in the end their whole line was driven back across the river. In the
Matchva district, however, they succeeded in holding a triangular patch
of swamp land, bounded by Ravjne, Tolich and Jarak. But even here they
were checked along a line from Ravjne to Tolich, where both sides
intrenched and came to a deadlock for the time being. Here the two
opposing lines continued their trench warfare without much spectacular
demonstration, but with a tremendous loss of life to both sides and an
expenditure of ammunition which the Serbians could little afford.

Along the line south of Loznitza the fighting was not so favorable to
the Serbians. The forces stationed here had been weakened in the Syrmia
expedition. And then, too, the country being extremely mountainous, they
had overestimated the strength of their positions.

Here, on the morning of September 8, 1914, the Austrians began a general
advance, beginning at Liubovia. At first they were successfully held
back, but when they came on again with greatly augmented numbers, the
Serb