r of Henry II., and widow of
the Emperor Henry V. of Germany, was the opponent of Stephen (1100-1135)
in the civil war of his reign. She gave London as 'a demesne' to the
Earl of Essex, with the Tower as his castle.

~Danegeld~, or Dane money: a tax raised to buy off the Danes.

~Sheriff~, or shire-reeve, governor of a shire, was the king's
representative in each shire: he collected the revenue, called out and
led the soldiers, and administered justice.

~Justiciar~: judge. It was one of the privileges of the City to have a
judge of its own to try cases within its own limits.

~stipulated~: bargained for.

~constitution~: form of government.

~priory~: a house for monks or nuns under the rule of a prior or
prioress.

~St. Katherine Cree~: this church is in Leadenhall Street, near Aldgate.
Cree in this name is for Christ.

~Portsoken~ is one of the City wards near Aldgate and the Minories.

13. FITZSTEPHEN'S ACCOUNT OF THE CITY.

PART I.

~St. Bartholomew the Great~ in Smithfield is part of St. Bartholomew's
Hospital.

~St. Ethelburga~ is in Bishopsgate Street, not far from Liverpool Street
Railway Station.

~crypt~ is a chapel or vault underground.

~St. Swithin's Church~ is near Cannon Street Railway Station. 'London
Stone,' supposed to be a Roman milestone, is let into the wall of this
church. St. Swithin, to whom the church is dedicated, was a Saxon Bishop
of Winchester, under whose care the youth of Alfred was spent at
Winchester.

~Thomas Becket~, Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered in his own
cathedral by four knights, who thought they were executing the wishes of
Henry II. (1170 A.D.).

~conventual~: attached to convents.

~Palatine~ usually means 'held by a nobleman who has had royal powers
given him.'

~Westminster~ is named after a minster first erected there of wood about
604 A.D.: it was thus distinguished from St. Paul's, which was the 'East
Minster.' The site was a marshy spot, then called Thorney, or Thorn
Island.

~Charing Cross~ is named from the memorial cross built there by Edward
I. in 1294 in honour of his queen, Eleanor, who was brought for burial
from Lincoln to Westminster, and each place (nine) where her body rested
was marked by a similar cross. ('Charing' is a corruption of the French
_chere reine_, dear queen.)

~Cheapside~: the important street running between St. Paul's and the
Mansion House is so called because its site was the side--the south
side--of the