see_ note on Chapter
XXII.).

~John Colet~, Dean of St. Paul's (born 1466, died 1519), was one of the
leaders of the revival of learning in England. St. Paul's School, which
he founded in 1512, has been moved to Hammersmith.

43. TRADE. PART I.

~Forestall their market~: that is, to buy things before they arrived at
the market, so as to sell them at a higher price.

~Luebeck~: a large port in north Germany in the Baltic.

~staples~, originally all kinds of raw produce, came to be applied only
to wool. Staples Inn was once a wool-market.

~instead of selling our wool~: Edward III. brought Flemish weavers into
England to encourage manufactures. Till then England produced and
exported wool to Antwerp and other manufacturing centres, but did not
make it into cloth.

~Hamburg~ was a member of the Hanseatic League.

~The screen~ was presented to the Church of All Hallows the Great,
Thames Street, in 1710, by the Hanseatic merchants.

44. TRADE. PART II.

~Incubus~: something that weighs down and hinders.

~religious wars in the Netherlands~: between the Protestant Dutch and
the Catholic Spaniards, who were oppressing the country through great
part of the sixteenth century.

~Bourse~: the same as ~Exchange~, where merchants meet to transact their
business.

~English wool~ in Bruges, because it was much exported thither from
England before the growth of home manufactures.

~Flemings~: the natives of Flanders; who were the chief manufacturers of
Europe long before England took the lead.

~14 per cent.~: the height of this rate may be seen by comparing it with
the 21/2 per cent., which is all England now pays as interest upon her
debt.

~Bethlehem Hospital~, corrupted into Bedlam, is still a hospital, but
only for the insane.

45. TRADE. PART III.

~Bruges ... civil wars~: that is, the religious wars referred to in
Chapter XLIV.

~Venetians~: before the discovery of the sea route to India and the East
Venice was the first maritime and commercial power in the world. The
route round the Cape of Good Hope was discovered by Vasco de Gama in
1497.

~Moluccas~: a group of tropical islands between Celebes and New Guinea,
rich in pearls, spices, and precious woods.

~Calicut~: the port in Madras, where Vasco de Gama first landed in May
1498. The cotton cloth called _calico_ was first brought thence.

~Moorish pirates~: North Africa has always been a haunt of pirates. In
1816 Lord Exmouth had to bombar