al authority.
59. UNDER GEORGE II. PART V.
~Lighters~: large boats or barges used in unloading ships.
~bleaching-grounds~: where cloth was laid out to be bleached or whitened
by the wind and sun.
~hopbines~: the stalks of hop plants.
~transportation~: conveying convicted criminals abroad. Till 1869
convicts were sent to Australia; now they are kept in convict prisons at
home.
~classification~: dividing and arranging into classes.
~embezzle~: to steal something entrusted to one's care.
~press-gang~: a party of sailors under an officer who forcibly took men
to serve in the Royal Navy.
~anarchy~: absence of rule, disorder.
~Gordon Riots~: in 1780, led by the fanatic Lord George Gordon. The mob
raised the cry of 'No Popery' on account of a law then proposing to
remove hardships from Roman Catholics. Riot and plunder were the real
object of the mob. The disorder had to be suppressed by military force.
~Police~: organised in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel, after whom the members
of the force were called 'bobbies' and 'peelers.'
60. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. PART I.
~Denominations~: religious bodies or sects, the members of which are all
called by the same name. (Latin _nomen_, a name.)
~every conceivable topic~: every subject you can think of.
~community~: a people, the public.
~achieved~: won by effort.
61. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. PART II.
~Symbol of~: the representative of; the presence of a policeman is the
outward form taken by the law in the eyes of the people.
~mote~: meeting; hence ~folks' mote~, meeting of the folk or people;
~ward mote~, meeting of those living in the same ward or city division.
~The Companies~: such as those of the Goldsmiths, Merchant Taylors,
Drapers, &c.
~Quarter Sessions~: the sessions or sittings of the Law Courts in a
county or city held every quarter.
~archives~: public records.
~sergeant~ means 'servant,' 'officer'--here of the law. Ordinarily it is
a rank in the army.
62. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. PART III.
~Advocate~: argue in favour of.
~tenacity~: perseverance, holding on. (Latin _teneo_, to hold.)
~livery~: because the members of the different trade companies used to
wear a distinguishing uniform or livery.
~fletchers~: arrow-makers. (French _fleche_, an arrow.)
~trust-money~: money entrusted for a certain purpose for which alone it
can be used.
~technical~: where useful trades and sciences are taught.
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