ART II.

~King Edward I~: 1272-1307 A.D.

~haberdashers~: dealers in 'small wares' such as cotton, tape, needles,
and pins.

~Hans Holbein~: a celebrated German painter who came to live in England
and was introduced to Henry VIII.

~marine painters~: artists who excel in painting boats, ships, and sea
scenes. (Latin _mare_, the sea.)

~'shooting' the bridge~: passing through the arches in a boat.

~Queen Henrietta~ was the queen of Charles I. of England. After the
Civil War she withdrew to France, where she died in 1669.

~Rubens~: a very celebrated Flemish painter, born in 1577, died at
Antwerp in 1640.

~Sir Thomas Wyatt~ headed a rebellion in Kent, which was provoked by
Mary's marriage with Philip of Spain and the restoration of Roman
Catholicism. He was about to cross London Bridge, but finding this
impossible crossed the Thames at Kingston. The rising was a failure, and
Wyatt was executed, 1554.

~Sir William Wallace~: a brave Scotch gentleman who led the Scotch
against Edward I., who was trying to deprive Scotland of its
independence. Wallace was finally taken and executed as a traitor at
Tyburn, 1305.

~Jack Cade~ headed a rebellion in Kent in 1450 through dissatisfaction
with the government of Henry VI.: 30,000 rebels gathered on Blackheath,
but the movement ended in failure and Cade was slain.

~Sir Thomas More~: the good and learned chancellor of Henry VIII., and
author of a famous book called 'Utopia.' He was executed as a traitor in
1535.

~St. Thomas-on-the-Bridge~: that is, Thomas Becket, to whom the bridge
was dedicated.

~pageant~: a splendid show or procession.

~ex-apprentice~: one who has been once an apprentice.

17. THE TOWER OF LONDON. PART I.

~Dominate~: to lord over, to overawe, to be master of. (Latin _dominus_,
a master, lord.)

~Crusade~: an expedition under the banner of the _Cross_ to recover the
Holy Land from the Turks. Richard I. went on the third Crusade in 1191.

~antiquaries~: people who study ancient things.

~mediaeval~: made during the middle ages; the period, roughly speaking,
between the time of the Romans and the reign of Henry VII. (400-1485).

~lieutenant~: an officer in command of the Tower.

~keep~: the strongest part of a fortress or castle.

~insignia~: the badges of any office.

~menagerie~: a collection of wild animals.

~Queen Anne Boleyn~, to marry whom, Henry VIII. divorced Catherine of
Aragon. She was the mother of Queen Elizabeth.