ment which won for him his fame as a
cavalry officer. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1809, but continued
his military career. His share in the battle of Salamanca (22nd of July
1812) was especially marked, and he received the personal thanks of
Wellington. The day after, he was accidentally wounded. He was now a
lieutenant-general in the British army and a K.B., and on the conclusion
of peace (1814) was raised to the peerage under the style of Baron
Combermere. He was not present at Waterloo, the command, which he
expected, and bitterly regretted not receiving, having been given to
Lord Uxbridge. When the latter was wounded Cotton was sent for to take
over his command, and he remained in France until the reduction of the
allied army of occupation. In 1817 he was appointed governor of
Barbadoes and commander of the West Indian forces. From 1822 to 1825 he
commanded in Ireland. His career of active service was concluded in
India (1826), where he besieged and took Bhurtpore--a fort which
twenty-two years previously had defied the genius of Lake and was deemed
impregnable. For this service he was created Viscount Combermere. A long
period of peace and honour still remained to him at home. In 1834 he was
sworn a privy councillor, and in 1852 he succeeded Wellington as
constable of the Tower and lord lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets. In 1855
he was made a field-marshal and G.C.B. He died at Clifton on the 21st of
February 1865. An equestrian statue in bronze, the work of Baron
Marochetti, was raised in his honour at Chester by the inhabitants of
Cheshire. Combermere was succeeded by his only son, Wellington Henry
(1818-1891), and the viscountcy is still held by his descendants.

See Viscountess Combermere and Captain W. W. Knollys, _The Combermere
Correspondence_ (London, 1866).

COMBES, [JUSTIN LOUIS] EMILE (1835- ), French statesman, was born at
Roquecourbe in the department of the Tarn. He studied for the
priesthood, but abandoned the idea before ordination, and took the
diploma of doctor of letters (1860), then he studied medicine, taking
his degree in 1867, and setting up in practice at Pons in
Charente-Inferieure. In 1881 he presented himself as a political
candidate for Saintes, but was defeated. In 1885 he was elected to the
senate by the department of Charente-Inferieure. He sat in the
Democratic left, and was elected vice-president in 1893 and 1894. The
reports which he drew up upon educational questio