hatch in the
spring. The flat egg masses are round or oval in shape, and are
yellowish-brown in color. See Fig. 102.

Remedies: Spray for the caterpillars in June with arsenate of lead and
apply creosote to the egg masses whenever found.

THE BROWN-TAIL MOTH

Life history: This insect was introduced here from Europe in 1890 and
has since done serious damage to shade, forest, and fruit trees, and
to shrubs in the New England States.

It appears in the caterpillar stage in the early spring and
continues to feed on the leaves and buds until the last of June.
Then the caterpillars pupate, the moths come out, and in July and
August the egg clusters appear. These hatch into caterpillars which
form nests for themselves by drawing the leaves together. Here they
remain protected until the spring. See Fig. 103.

Remedies: Collect the winter nests from October to April and burn them.
Also spray the trees for caterpillars in early May and especially in
August with arsenate of lead.

[Illustration: FIG. 102.--The Gipsy Moth. (After F.W. Rane Mass. State
Forester.)]

[Illustration: FIG. 103.--The Brown-tail Moth. (After F.W. Rane, Mass.
State Forester.)]

[Illustration: FIG. 104.--Larva of the Leopard Moth.]

THE FALL WEBWORM

The caterpillars of this insect congregate in colonies and surround
themselves with a web which often reaches the size of a foot or more in
diameter. These webs are common on trees in July and August. Cutting off
the webs or burning them on the twigs is the most practical remedy.

[Illustration: FIG. 105.--Branch Showing Work of the Leopard Moth Larva.]

THE LEOPARD MOTH

Life history: This insect does its serious damage in the grub form. The
grubs which are whitish in color with brown heads, and which vary in
size from 3/8 of an inch to 3 inches in length (Fig. 104), may be
found boring in the wood of the branches and trunk of the tree all
winter. Fig. 105. The leopard moth requires two years to complete
its round of life. The mature moths are marked with dark spots
resembling a leopard's skin, hence the name. Fig. 106. It is one of
the commonest and most destructive insects in the East and is
responsible for the recent death of thousands of the famous elm
trees in New Haven and Boston. Fig. 107.

[Illustration: FIG. 106.--The Leopard Moth.]

Remedies: Trees likely to be infested with this insect s