ts.

1. Hemlock. The wood has a disagreeable, rancid odor, is splintery, not
resinous, with decided contrast between early and late wood. Color
light brown with a slight tinge of red, the heart little if any
darker than the sapwood. Hemlock makes a rather poor lumber which is
used for general construction, also for cross-ties, and pulp.

2. Balsam fir. Usually odorless, not splintery, not resinous, with
little contrast between early and late wood. Color white or very
light brown with a pinkish hue to the late wood. Heartwood little if
any darker than the sapwood. Closely resembles spruce, from which it
can be distinguished by its absence of resin ducts.

The wood is used for paper pulp in mixture with spruce. Also for
general construction to some extent.

3. Cypress. Odorless except in dark-colored specimens which are somewhat
rancid. Smooth surface of sound wood looks and feels greasy or waxy.
Moderate contrast between early and late wood. Color varies from
straw color to dark brown, often with reddish and greenish tinge.
Heartwood more deeply colored than the sapwood but without distinct
boundary line.

Wood used in general construction, especially in places where
durability is required; also for shingles, cooperage, posts, and
poles.

4. Red Cedar. Has a distinct aromatic odor. Wood uniform-textured; late
wood usually very thin, inconspicuous. Color deep reddish brown or
purple, becoming dull upon exposure; numerous minute red dots often
visible under lens. Sapwood white. Red cedar can be distinguished
from all the other conifers mentioned by the deep color of the wood
and the very distinct aromatic odor.

Wood largely used for pencils; also for chests and cabinets, posts,
and poles. It is very durable in contact with the ground.

_Western red cedar_ is lighter, softer, less deeply colored and less
fragrant than the common Eastern cedar. It grows along the Pacific
Coast and is extensively used for shingles throughout the country.

5. Redwood. Wood odorless and tasteless, uniform-textured, light and
weak, rather coarse and harsh. Color light cherry. Close inspection
under lens of a small split surface will reveal many little resin
masses that appear as rows of black or amber beads which are
characteristic of this wood.

Redwood is confined to portions of the Pacific Coast. It i