with them. Nor were boys alone included in the work of
education. Girls' schools were organized and an effort was made at
universal education. Many provinces adopted advanced school laws, and
the principle of compulsory education was recognized, though by no means
successfully carried out.

Thus was born in the middle of the sixteenth century the common school,
and thus was recognized the right of all men to an education, and a
practical illustration of the means of securing it was given to the
world.

FOOTNOTES:

[56] Though Sturm was not a Lutheran, he was a Protestant, being a
follower of Calvin.

[57] See Quick, "Educational Reformers," and Williams, "History of
Modern Education," p. 88.

[58] "Geschichte des Gelehrten Unterrichts."

[59] Sturm's school course appeared in 1538. It was not the oldest
school course of the Protestants. The oldest school course for a German
school was prepared by Johannes Agricola and Hermann Talich in 1525 for
the school at Eisleben, Luther's birthplace. Indeed, Paulsen thinks that
Melanchthon had a hand in its preparation. He says ("Geschichte des
Gelehrten Unterrichts," p. 182), "This is the oldest published school
course of the Reformed Church, which, if not composed by Melanchthon,
was without doubt outlined, or at least approved, by him." This was
discovered in 1865 by F. L. Hoffmann in the Hamburg city library.

[60] See Ascham, p. 191, and Ratke, p. 210.

[61] "History of Modern Education," p. 91.

[62] "Geschichte des Gelehrten Unterrichts," p. 197.

CHAPTER XXX

THE JESUITS AND THEIR EDUCATION

=Literature.=--_Draper_, Intellectual Development of Europe; _Durrell_,
A New Life in Education; _Dyer_, Modern Europe; _Fisher_, History of the
Reformation; _Guizot_, History of Civilization; _Ferris_, Great Leaders;
_Lord_, Beacon Lights; _Parkman_, The Jesuits in North America; _White_,
Eighteen Christian Centuries; _Quick_, Educational Reformers; _Symonds_,
Renaissance in Italy; _Hughes_, Loyola; _Larned_, History for Ready
Reference; _Schwickerath_, Jesuit Education; _Chateaubriand_, The Genius
of Christianity.

=The Order.=--The remarkable spread of Protestantism, however, was not
to go on unchallenged. Already before the rupture of the Church, the
need of a better-educated clergy had been acknowledged. We have seen
that Luther and the Reformers laid great stress upon the education of
the young as a means of propagating the new faith, and they had employed