rate,
smooth. Flowers large (2/3 in.), rose-colored, fragrant, in small,
simple, umbel-like clusters. Fruit very sour, small (1/2 in.). Twigs
lead-colored and speckled. A small tree, 12 to 20 ft. high. Pennsylvania
and southward.

[Illustration: P. coronaria.]

3. =Pyrus coronaria=, L. (AMERICAN OR GARLAND CRAB-APPLE.) Leaves
simple, ovate, often rather heart-shaped, cut-serrate, often 3-lobed,
soon smooth. Flowers large (3/4 in.), few, in a cluster, rose-colored,
very fragrant. Fruit very sour and astringent, flattened, broad, 1 in.
or more in diameter, yellowish green. Small tree, 10 to 25 ft. high; New
York, west and south, also frequently cultivated.

[Illustration: P. communis.]

4. =Pyrus communis=, L. (COMMON PEAR-TREE.) Leaves simple, ovate,
serrate, smooth on both sides, at least when mature. Flowers large (over
1 in.), white, with purple anthers. April and May. Fruit large, usually
obovate and mainly sunken at the large end; ripe July to October,
according to the variety. A pyramidal-shaped tree, 30 to 70 ft. high,
with smooth bark and often somewhat thorny branches. Of several hundred
named varieties, native to Europe. Cultivated for its fruit. Wood
slightly tinged with red; strong, and of fine grain.

[Illustration: P. vulgaris.]

5. =Pyrus vulgaris.= (QUINCE. COMMON QUINCE-TREE.) Leaves ovate,
obtuse at base, entire, hairy beneath. Flowers solitary, large, 1 in.,
white or pale rose-color. Fruit large, hard, orange-yellow, of peculiar
sour flavor; seeds mucilaginous; ripens in October. A low tree, 10 to 20
ft. high, with a crooked stem and rambling branches; from Europe.
Several varieties in cultivation.

[Illustration: P. pinnatifida.]

6. =Pyrus pinnatifida=, Ehrh. (OAK-LEAVED MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Leaves
pinnately cleft and often fully pinnate at base, hairy beneath. Pome
globose, 1/4 in., scarlet, ripe in autumn. A cultivated tree, 20 to 30
ft. high; from Europe.

[Illustration: P. Americana.]

7. =Pyrus Americana=, DC. (AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Leaflets 13 to 15,
lanceolate, bright green, nearly smooth, taper-pointed, sharply serrate
with pointed teeth. Leaf-buds pointed, glabrous and somewhat glutinous.
Flowers white, 1/3 in., in large, flat, compound cymes. In June. Fruit
berry-like pomes, the size of small peas, bright scarlet when ripe in
September, and hanging on the tree till winter. A tall shrub or tree, 15
to 30 ft. high, in swamps and mountain woods; more abundant northward.
Often cultiva