ver 1 in.,
about one third inclosed in the hemispherical cup; sessile in var.
_sessiliflora_; clustered and long-peduncled in var. _pedunculata_.
Trees 50 to 100 ft. high, extensively cultivated; from Europe; the
nursery catalogues name as many as a score or more varieties.

One var., _fastigiata_ (Pyramidal Oak), is a peculiar upright tree like
the Lombardy Poplar; var. _pendula_ (Weeping Oak) has long, slender,
drooping branches.

[Illustration: Q. Cerris.]

21. =Quercus Cerris=, L. (TURKEY OAK.) Leaves on very short stalks,
oblong, deeply and unequally pinnatifid, hairy beneath; lobes
lanceolate, acute, somewhat angular. Acorns in the axils of the leaves
of the year, ovate, with a hemispherical, bristly or mossy cup. Several
varieties of this species, from Europe, are cultivated in this country.
They form tall, round-headed, symmetrical trees.

GENUS =89. CASTANEA.=

Trees or shrubs with alternate, simple, straight-veined, elongated,
pointed leaves. Sterile flowers in long, drooping, conspicuous catkins,
blooming in June or July; the fertile ones rather inconspicuous, but
forming prickly-coated burs which hang on till the frost, when they
split open and let out the brown, horny-coated nuts. Wood light,
coarse-grained.

* Large tree with burs having 1 to 3 nuts 1.

* Small tree with burs having 1 rounded nut 2.

[Illustration: C. sativa.]

1. =Castanea sativa=, Mill. (CHESTNUT.) Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
pointed, coarsely serrate, with usually awned teeth; smooth on both
sides, 6 to 9 in. long, 1 1/2 to 2 1/4 in. wide. Burs large, very prickly,
inclosing 1 to 3 large, ovoid, brown nuts, ripe after frost, which opens
the bur into 4 valves. A common large tree, with light, coarse-grained
wood, and bark having coarse longitudinal ridges on the old trees. Many
varieties of this species are in cultivation, varying in the size and
sweetness of the nuts, the size of the trees, and the size and the
margins of the leaves, some of which are almost entire. The wild species
is var. _Americana_.

[Illustration: C. pumila.]

2. =Castanea pumila=, Mill. (CHINQUAPIN.) Leaves lance-oblong, strongly
straight-veined, coarsely serrate, usually with awned tips;
whitish-downy beneath, 3 to 5 in. long, 1 1/4 to 2 in. wide. Bur small,
prickly, with a single small, rounded, sweet, chestnut-colored nut. A
handsome small tree, or in the wild state usually a shrub, 6 to 40 ft.