lower side of the branches
and forming a fringe; in early summer. Fruit a purple drupe.

[Illustration: C. Virginica.]

=Chionanthus Virginica, L.= (FRINGE-TREE). Leaves smooth, thickish,
large (3 to 6 in. long), oval or obovate, entire. The leaves are
occasionally somewhat alternate and thin; they resemble those of the
Magnolia. Drupe ovoid, 3/4 in. long, covered with a bloom. A beautiful
small tree or shrub, 8 to 30 ft. high, wild along streams, southern
Pennsylvania and southward, and generally cultivated north for its
delicate fringe-like flowers. Hardy.

A variety (var. _angustifolia_) with long, narrow leaves is occasionally
cultivated.

ORDER =XXX. SCROPHULARIACEAE.=

(FIGWORT FAMILY.)

A large order of plants, almost entirely herbaceous; found in all
climates; it includes one cultivated tree in this region.

GENUS =64. PAULOWNIA.=

Tree with opposite (sometimes in whorls of three), large, deciduous,
palmately veined, heart-shaped leaves. Leaf-stem often hollow; minute
cup-shaped glands, separated from one another, situated on many portions
of the leaf, but quite abundant on the upper side at the branching of
the veins. Flowers large, in immense panicles; in spring, before the
leaves expand. Fruit a dry, ovate, pointed capsule, 1 1/2 in. long, with
innumerable flat-winged seeds; hanging on the tree throughout the
winter.

[Illustration: P. imperialis.]

=Paulownia imperialis=, (IMPERIAL PAULOWNIA.) Leaves 7 to 14 in. long,
sometimes somewhat lobed, usually very hairy beneath; 2 buds, almost
hidden under the bark, above each other in the axil. Flowers purple,
nearly 2 in. long, with a peculiar, thick, leather-like calyx. A broad
flat-headed tree, of rapid growth when young. Cultivated; from Japan;
and hardy throughout, but the flower-buds are winter-killed quite
frequently north of New York City.

ORDER =XXXI. BIGNONIACEAE.=

(BIGNONIA FAMILY.)

An order of woody plants abundant in South America; here including one
genus of trees:

GENUS =65. CATALPA.=

Trees or shrubs with large, simple, opposite (or whorled in threes),
heart-shaped, pointed leaves. Flowers irregular, showy, in large
panicles; blooming in June. Fruit long pods with many, winged seeds,
hanging on till spring. Branches coarse and stiff. Wood light and
close-grained.

* Flowers bright-spotted; wings of seeds narrowed 1.

* Flowers nearly pure white; wings of seeds broad 2.

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