y tomentose
beneath. Acorn large, 1-1/3 in. long, sweet and edible; cup shallow and
roughened with coarse, acute scales; no fringe. A large and valuable Oak
with gray and flaky bark.

[Illustration: Q. Prinus]

7. =Quercus Prinus=, L. (CHESTNUT-OAK.) Leaves obovate or oblong,
coarsely undulately toothed, with 10 to 16 pairs of straight, prominent
ribs beneath; surface minutely downy beneath, and smooth above. Acorn
ovoid, 1 in. long, covered nearly half-way with a thick, mostly
tuberculated cup; in the axils of the leaves of the year; kernel
sweetish and edible. A middle-sized or small tree, with reddish,
coarse-grained wood. Found throughout, but common only southward.

[Illustration: Q. Muhlenbergii.]

8. =Quercus Muhlenbergii=, Engelm. (YELLOW CHESTNUT-OAK.) Leaves usually
thin, 5 to 7 in. long, 1 1/2 to 2 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, rather
sharply notched, mostly obtuse or roundish at base, sometimes broadly
ovate or obovate, and two thirds as wide as long. The leaves are usually
more like those of the Chestnut than any other Oak; the primary veins
very straight, impressed above, prominent beneath. Acorn 2/3 to 3/4 in.
long, inclosed in a thin, hemispherical cup with small, appressed
scales. A middle-sized tree with flaky, pale, thin, ash-colored bark,
and tough, very durable, yellowish or brownish wood. Western New
England, westward and south.

[Illustration: Q. prinoides.]

9. =Quercus prinoides=, Willd. (DWARF CHESTNUT-OAK.) Much like the last,
but generally grows only 2 to 4 ft. high in the Eastern States. The
leaves are more wavy-toothed, on shorter stems. It seems to be only a
variety of Quercus Muhlenbergii, especially in the West, where it grows
much taller and runs into that species.

[Illustration: Q. virens.]

10. =Quercus virens=, Ait. (LIVE-OAK.) Leaves thick, evergreen, 2 to 4
in. long, oblong, obtuse, and somewhat wrinkled; smooth and shining
above, hairy beneath, the margin revolute, usually quite entire, rarely
spiny-toothed. Acorns pedunculate, 1 to 3 in a cluster, oblong-ovate,
with top-shaped nut. A mere shrub to a large tree, with yellowish wood
of excellent grain and durability. Virginia and south.

[Illustration: Q. rubra.]

11. =Quercus rubra, L.= (RED OAK.) Leaves rather thin, smooth, oblong,
moderately pinnatifid, sometimes deeply so, into 8 to 12 entire or
sharply toothed lobes, turning dark red after frost. Acorn oblong-ovoid,
1 in. or less long, set in a shallow cup of fin