al-oblong or
obovate, abruptly pointed, very sharply, often doubly serrate, with
slender teeth. Racemes of flowers and fruit short and close. Fruit dark
crimson, stone smooth. Flowers in May; fruit ripe in August; not edible
till fully ripe. A tall shrub, sometimes a tree, with grayish bark.
River-banks, common especially northward.

[Illustration: P. Padus.]

12. =Prunus Padus=, L. (SMALL BIRD-CHERRY.) Like Prunus Virginiana,
excepting that the racemes are longer and drooping, and the stone is
roughened. Occasionally planted for ornament.

GENUS =37. PYRUS.=

Trees and shrubs, with alternate, stipulate, simple, or pinnately
compound leaves. Flowers conspicuous, white to pink,
apple-blossom-shaped (5 petals); in spring. Fruit a fleshy pome, with
the cells formed by papery or cartilaginous membranes within juicy
flesh.

* Leaves deeply pinnatifid or fully pinnate (Mountain Ashes)
(=A.=)

=A.= Leaf deeply pinnatifid, sometimes fully divided at
the base. 6.

=A.= Leaf once-pinnate throughout. (=B.=)

=B.= Leaf-buds pointed, smooth and somewhat glutinous 7.

=B.= Leaf-buds more or less hairy 8, 9.

* Leaves simple and not pinnatifid. (=C.=)

=C.= Leaves entire; fruit solitary (Quinces) 5.

=C.= Leaves serrate; fruit clustered. (=D.=)

=D.= Fruit large, sunken at both ends (Apples) 1.

=D.= Fruit small (1/2-1 in.), sour, much sunken at the stem end
and but little at the other (Crab-apples). (=E.=)

=E.= Leaves very narrow; fruit 1/2 in. 2.

=E.= Leaves broad; fruit 1 in. 3.

=D.= Fruit usually obovate, not sunken at the stem end (Pears). 4.

[Illustration: P. Malus.]

1. =Pyrus Malus=, L. (COMMON APPLE-TREE.) Leaves simple, ovate,
evenly crenate or serrate, smooth on the upper surface and woolly on the
lower. Flowers large (1 in.), white, tinged with pink, in small corymbs.
May. Fruit large, sunken at both ends, especially at base; ripe from
August to October, according to variety. A flat-topped tree, 20 to 40
ft. high, cultivated in hundreds of named varieties; from Europe.

[Illustration: P. angustifolia.]

2. =Pyrus angustifolia=, Ait. (NARROW-LEAVED CRAB-APPLE.) Leaves
simple, lanceolate or oblong, often acute at base, mostly ser