z les peuples modernes_ (Paris, 1898); _Les Nouvelles
Societes anglo-saxonnes_ (Paris, 1897); MacDonald, _Select Charters
illustrative of American History, 1606-1775_ (New York, 1899); B.P.
Poore, _Federal and State Constitutions_, &c (Washington, 1877; a more
complete collection of American colonial charters); H.L. Osgood,
_American Colonies in the 17th Cent._ (1904-7); Carton de Wiart, _Les
Grandes Compagnies coloniales anglaises au 19me siecle_ (Paris, 1899).
Also see articles "Compagnies de Charte," "Colonies," "Privilege," in
_Nouveau Dictionnaire d'economie politique_ (Paris, 1892); and
article "Companies, Chartered," in _Encyclopaedia of the Laws of
England_, edited by A. Wood Renton (London, 1907-1909). (W. B. Du.)

CHARTERHOUSE. This name is an English corruption of the French _maison
chartreuse_, a religious house of the Carthusian order. As such it
occurs not uncommonly in England, in various places (e.g.
Charterhouse-on-Mendip, Charterhouse Hinton) where the Carthusians were
established. It is most familiar, however, in its application to the
Charterhouse, London. On a site near the old city wall, west of the
modern thoroughfare of Aldersgate, a Carthusian monastery was founded in
1371 by Sir Walter de Manny, a knight of French birth. After its
dissolution in 1535 the property passed through various hands. In 1558,
while in the possession of Lord North, it was occupied by Queen
Elizabeth during the preparations for her coronation, and James I. held
court here on his first entrance into London. The Charterhouse was then
in the hands of Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk, but in May 1611 it came
into those of Thomas Sutton (1532-1611) of Snaith, Lincolnshire. He
acquired a fortune by the discovery of coal on two estates which he had
leased near Newcastle-on-Tyne, and afterwards, removing to London, he
carried on a commercial career. In the year of his death, which took
place on the 12th of December 1611, he endowed a hospital on the site
of the Charterhouse, calling it the hospital of King James; and in his
will he bequeathed moneys to maintain a chapel, hospital (almshouse) and
school. The will was hotly contested but upheld in court, and the
foundation was finally constituted to afford a home for eighty male
pensioners ("gentlemen by descent and in poverty, soldiers that have
borne arms by sea or land, merchants decayed by piracy or shipwreck, or
servants in household to the King or