eeded for any inoculation. Needless to remark,
all the apparatus will never be required for any one inoculation.

[Illustration: FIG. 171.--Hypodermic syringe with finger rests.]

Apparatus Required for Animal Inoculation:

1. Water steriliser (_vide_ page 33). It is also convenient
to have a second water steriliser, similar but smaller (23
by 7 by 5 cm.), for the sterilisation of the syringes.

2. Injection syringe. The best form is one of the ordinary
hypodermic pattern, 1 c.c. capacity graduated in twentieths
of a cubic centimeter (0.05 c.c.), fitted with finger rests,
but with the leather washers and the packing of the piston
replaced by those made of asbestos (Fig. 171). The
instrument must be easily taken to pieces, and spare parts
should be kept on hand to replace accidental breakage or
loss. Other useful syringes are those of 2 c.c., 5 c.c., 10
c.c., and 20 c.c. capacity. A good supply of needles must be
kept on hand, both sharp-pointed and with blunt ends. To
sterilise the syringe, fill it with water, loosen the
packing of the piston and all the screw joints, place it in
the steriliser and boil for at least five minutes. Disinfect
the syringe _after use_, in a similar manner. The needles,
which are exceedingly apt to rust after being boiled, should
be stored in a pot of absolute alcohol when not in use.

3. Operating table.

4. Surgical instruments. Sterilise these before use by
boiling, and disinfect them _after use_ by the same means.
Wipe perfectly dry immediately after the disinfection is
completed.

Scissors, probe and sharp-pointed.

Dissecting forceps of various patterns.

Pressure forceps.

Retractors (small self retaining Fig. 172).

Aneurism needles, sharp and blunt.

Scalpels, } Keratomes, } with metal handles. Trephines, }

Michel's steel clips and special forceps for applying the
same. These small steel clips enable the operator to easily
and rapidly close skin incisions and are most satisfactory
for animal operations.

Surgical needles.

Needle holder.

Soft rubber catheters, various sizes.

Gum elastic oesophageal bougies with connection to fit
syringe.

[Illustration: FIG. 172. Small self retaining retractors.]

5. Anaesthetic.

(a) General: The safest general anaesthetic