interpretations had educed principles not really to be found in
religion. This {185} profession and a rigid adherence to outward forms
of worship, however, did not save him from suspicion. He was accused of
preaching philosophy and the ancient sciences to the detriment of
religion. He was deprived of his honours and banished by the Khalif
Al-Mansur to Lucena, near Cordova. In his disgrace he had to suffer
many insults from the orthodox. One day on entering the mosque with his
son he was forcibly expelled by the people. He died at Morocco in 1198
A.D. Thus passed away in disgrace the last of the Muslim Philosophers
worthy of the name.[182] In Spain a strict prohibition was issued
against the study of Greek philosophy, and many valuable works were
committed to the flames. Soon after the rule of the Moors in Spain
began to decline. The study of philosophy came to an end, and liberal
culture sank under the pressure of the hard and fast dogmatic system of
Islam. In Spain,[183] as in Baghdad, orthodoxy gained the day. There
was much of doubtful value in the speculations of the Muslim
Philosophers, but they were Muslims, and if they went too far in their
efforts to rationalize Islam, they also tried to cast off what to them
seemed accretions, added on by the Traditionalists and the Canonical
Legists. They failed because like the earlier scholastics they had no
gospel to proclaim to men, no tidings to give of a new life which could
enable wearied humanity to bear the ills to which it was subject.
Another strong reason was that the orthodoxy against which they strove
was a logical development of the foundations of Islam, and these
foundations are too strongly laid for any power other than a spiritual
one to uproot. They were men of good position in life, voluminous
writers, profound admirers of Aristotle, and "more or less devoted to
science, especially to medicine." Yet they did not advance philosophy,
and science they left much as they found it. They preserved something
of what Grecian thought had achieved, and so far their labour is not
lost.

Thus Islam has, as a religion, no right to claim any of the glory which
Muslim philosophers are supposed to have shed around it. {186} The
founders of Islam, the Arabs, produced but one philosopher of
note.[184] The first impetus to the study was give