m, vir
/x\ has the value of two
consonants (_cs_ or _gs_) and
is like _x_ in _extract_, not
as in _exact_ ex'-tra:, ex-a:c'-tus
/bs\ is like _ps_ and /bt\ like
_pt_ urbs, ob-ti'-ne-o:
/ch\, /ph\, and /th\ are like
_c_, _p_, _t_ pul'-cher, Phoe'-be:,
the-a:'-trum

_a._ In combinations of consonants give each its distinct sound.
Doubled consonants should be pronounced with a slight pause between
the two sounds. Thus pronounce _tt_ as in _rat-trap_, not as in
_rattle_; _pp_ as in _hop-pole_, not as in _upper_. Examples,
/mit'-to:\, /Ap'pi-us\, /bel'-lum\.

SYLLABLES

_8._ A Latin word has as many syllables as it has vowels and diphthongs.
Thus /aes-ta:'-te\ has three syllables, /au-di-en'-dus\ has four.

_a._ Two vowels with a consonant between them never make one
syllable, as is so often the case in English. Compare English
_inside_ with Latin i:n-si:'-de.

_9._ Words are divided into syllables as follows:

1. A single consonant between two vowels goes with the second. Thus
/a-ma:'-bi-lis\, /me-mo'-ri-a\, /in-te'-re-a:\, /a'-best\,
/pe-re:'-git\.[3]

[Footnote 3: In writing and printing it is customary to divide
the parts of a compound, as /inter-ea:\, /ab-est\, /sub-a:ctus\,
/per-e:git\, contrary to the correct phonetic rule.]

2. Combinations of two or more consonants:

_a._ A consonant followed by _l_ or _r_ goes with the _l_ or _r_.
Thus /pu:'-bli-cus\, /a'-gri:\.

EXCEPTION. Prepositional compounds of this nature, as also _ll_ and
_rr_, follow rule _b_. Thus /ab'-lu-o:\, /ab-rum'-po:\, /il'-le\,
/fer'-rum\.

_b._ In all other combinations of consonants the first consonant
goes with the preceding vowel.[4] Thus /mag'-nus\, /e-ges'-ta:s\,
/vic-to:'-ri-a\, /hos'-pes\, /an'-nus\, /su-ba:c'-tus\.

[Footnote 4: The combination nct is divided nc-t, as fu:nc-tus,
sa:nc-tus.]

3. The last syllable of a word is called the _ul'-ti-ma_; the one
next to the last, the _pe-nult'_; the one before the penult, the
_an'-te-pe-nult'_.

_10._ EXERCISE

Divide the words in the following passage into syllables and pronounce
them, placing the accent as indicated:

Va:'de ad formi:'cam, O: pi'ger, et co:nsi:'dera: vi'a:s e'ius et
di'sce sapie'ntiam: quae cum no:n ha'beat du'cem nec praecepto:'rem nec
pri:'ncipem, pa'ra