were attacked in an invective which Garrick quoted as "shocking
and barbarous." Hogarth retaliated by a caricature of Churchill as a
bear in torn clerical bands hugging a pot of porter and a club made of
lies and _North Britons_. _The Duellist_ (1763) is a virulent satire on
the most active opponents of Wilkes in the House of Lords, especially on
Bishop Warburton. He attacked Dr Johnson among others in _The Ghost_ as
"Pomposo, insolent and loud, Vain idol of a scribbling crowd." Other
poems are "The Conference" (1763); "The Author" (1763), highly praised
by Churchill's contemporaries; "Gotham" (1764), a poem on the duties of
a king, didactic rather than satiric in tone; "The Candidate" (1764), a
satire on John Montagu, fourth earl of Sandwich, one of Wilkes's
bitterest enemies, whom he had already denounced for his treachery in
the _Duellist_ (Bk. iii.) as "too infamous to have a friend"; "The
Farewell" (1764); "The Times" (1764); "Independence," and an unfinished
"Journey."

In October 1764 he went to Boulogne to join Wilkes. There he was
attacked by a fever of which he died on the 4th of November. He left his
property to his two sons, and made Wilkes his literary executor with
full powers. Wilkes did little. He wrote an epitaph for his friend and
about half a dozen notes on his poems, and Andrew Kippis acknowledges
some slight assistance from him in preparing his life of Churchill for
the _Biographia Britannica_ (1780). There is more than one instance of
Churchill's generosity to his friends. In 1763 he found his friend
Robert Lloyd in prison for debt. He paid a guinea a week for his better
maintenance in the Fleet, and raised a subscription to set him free.
Lloyd fell ill on receipt of the news of Churchill's death, and died
shortly afterwards. Churchill's sister Patty, who was engaged to Lloyd,
did not long survive them. William Cowper was his schoolfellow, and left
many kindly references to him.

A partial collection of Churchill's poems appeared in 1763. They are
included in Chalmers's edition of the English poets, and were edited
(1804) by W. Tooke. This was reprinted in the Aldine edition (1844).
There is a revised edition (1892) in the same series, _The Poetical
Works of Charles Churchill, with a Memoir by J.L. Hannay and copious
notes by W. Tooke_. For Churchill's biography, see _Genuine Memoirs
of Charles Churchill, with an account of and observations on his
writings; together with some Origi