s 60

II. The Permanent Court of Arbitration created by the First
Hague Peace Conference 61

III. The difficulties connected with International
Administration of Justice by International Courts 62

IV. The necessity for a Court of Appeal above the
International Court of First Instance 63

V. The difficulties connected with the setting up and manning
of International Courts of Justice 64

VI. Details of a scheme which recommends itself because it
distinguishes between the Court as a whole and the several
Benches which would be called upon to decide the cases 65

VII. The advantages of the recommended scheme 67

VIII. A necessary provision for so-called complex cases of
dispute 68

IX. A necessary provision with regard to the notorious clause
_rebus sic stantibus_ 69

X. The two starting points for a satisfactory proposal
concerning International Mediation by International Councils of
Conciliation. Article 8 of the Hague Convention concerning
Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. The Permanent
International Commissions of the Bryan Peace Treaties 70

XI. Details of a scheme which recommends itself for the
establishment of International Councils of Conciliation 72

XII. The question of disarmament 74

XIII. The assertion that States renounce their sovereignty by
entering into the League 75

XIV. Conclusion: Can it be expected that, in case of a great
conflict of interests, all the members of the League will
faithfully carry out their engagements? 78

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 81

FIRST LECTURE

THE AIMS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

SYNOPSIS

I. The purpose of the three Lectures is to draw attention to the
links which connect the proposed League of Nations with the past, to
the difficulties involved in the proposal, and to the way in which
they can be overcome.

II. The conception of a League of Nations is not new, but is as