ague should
stipulate that every State must submit all judicial disputes without
exception to an International Court of Justice and must abide by the
judgment of such Court.

The second aim should be to prevent the sudden outbreak of war on
account of a political dispute and to insist on an opportunity for
mediation. For this reason the League should stipulate that every State,
previous to resorting to arms over a political dispute, must submit it
to an International Council of Conciliation and must at any rate listen
to the advice of such Council.

The third aim should be to provide a sanction for the enforcement of the
two rules just mentioned. For this reason the League should stipulate
that all the member States of the League must unite their economic,
military, and naval forces against such member or members as would
resort to arms either on account of a judicial dispute which ought to
have been settled by an International Court of Justice, or on account of
a political dispute without previously having submitted it to an
International Council of Conciliation and listened to the latter's
advice.

These should be, in my opinion, the three aims of a League of Nations
and the three rules necessary for the realisation of these aims.
However, it is not so easy to realise them, and it is therefore
necessary to face and solve four problems: There is, firstly, the
problem of the Organisation of the League; secondly, the problem of
Legislation within the League; thirdly, the problem of Administration of
Justice within the League; and fourthly, the problem of Mediation within
the League--four problems which I shall discuss in the two following
lectures.

I have only named three aims and four problems because I have in my mind
those aims which are the nearest and those problems which are the most
pressing and the most urgent. The range of vision of the League of
Nations, when once established, will no doubt gradually become wider and
wider; new aims will arise and new problems will demand solution, but
all such possible future aims and future problems are outside the scope
of these lectures.

SECOND LECTURE

ORGANISATION AND LEGISLATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

SYNOPSIS

I. The Community of civilised States, the at present existing League
of Nations, is a community without any organisation, although there
are plenty of legal rules for the intercourse of the several States
one with another.