stilities
during such investigation and before the report is submitted.'

Art. II. 'The International Commission shall be composed of five
members, to be appointed as follows: One member shall be chosen from
each country, by the Government thereof; one member shall be chosen
by each Government from some third country; the fifth member shall
be chosen by common agreement between the two Governments, it being
understood that he shall not be a citizen of either country. The
expenses of the Commission shall be paid by the two Governments in
equal proportions.'

'The International Commission shall be appointed within six months
after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty; and
vacancies shall be filled according to the manner of the original
appointment.'

Art. III. 'In case the High Contracting Parties shall have failed to
adjust a dispute by diplomatic methods, they shall at once refer it
to the International Commission for investigation and report. The
International Commission may, however, spontaneously by unanimous
agreement offer its services to that effect, and in such case it
shall notify both Governments and request their co-operation in the
investigation.'

Keeping in view the special form of mediation recommended by Article 8
of the Hague Convention concerning the Pacific Settlement of
International Disputes and the stipulations of the Bryan Peace Treaties
concerning Permanent International Commissions, we can reach a
satisfactory solution of the problem of International Mediation if we
take into consideration the two reasons why a League of Nations must
stipulate the compulsion of its members to bring non-justiciable
disputes before a Council of Conciliation previous to resorting to
hostilities. These reasons are, firstly, that war in future shall not be
declared without a previous attempt to have the dispute peaceably
settled, and, secondly, that war in future shall not break out like a
bolt from the blue.

XI. My proposal concerning International Councils of Conciliation is the
following:

Every member of the League shall appoint for a term of years--say five
or ten--two conciliators and two deputy conciliators from among their
own subjects, and one conciliator and one deputy conciliator from among
the subjects of some other State. Now when a non-justiciable dispute
arises between two States which has not been sett