flank is suddenly rolled up and his line of
retreat threatened, preserves sufficient coolness to devise a general
counterstroke. Jackson had proved himself equal to such a situation
at Cedar Run, but it is seldom in these circumstances that Providence
sides with the "big battalions."

The Federal losses in the six days' battles were heavy: over 12,000
at Chancellorsville, and 4700 at Fredericksburg, Salem Church, and
Banks' Ford; a total of 17,287. The army lost 13 guns, and nearly
6000 officers and men were reported either captured or missing.

The casualties were distributed as follows:--

First Army Corps. 185
Second ,, 1,925
Third, ,, 4,119
Fifth ,, 700
Sixth ,, 4,590
Eleventh ,, 2,412
Twelfth ,, 2,822
Pleasonton's Cavalry Brigade 141
------
16,844

The Confederate losses were hardly less severe. The killed and
wounded were as under:--

SECOND ARMY CORPS.
A.P. Hill's Division 2,583
Rodes' ,, 2,178
Colston's ,, 1,868
Early's ,, 851
Anderson's ,, 1,180
McLaws' ,, 1,879
Artillery 227
Cavalry 11
Prisoners (estimated) 2,000
------
12,277

But a mere statement of the casualties by no means represents the
comparative loss of the opposing forces. Victory does not consist in
merely killing and maiming a few thousand men. This is the visible
result; it is the invisible that tells. The Army of the Potomac, when
it retreated across the Rappahannock, was far stronger in mere
numbers than the Army of Northern Virginia; but in reality it was far
weaker, for the moral of the survivors, and of the general who led
them, was terribly affected. That of the Confederates, on the other
hand, had been sensibly elevated, and it is moral, not numbers, which
is the strength of armies. What, after all, was the loss of 12,200
soldiers to the Confederacy? In that first week of May there were
probably 20,000 conscripts in different camps of instruction, more
than enough to recruit the depleted regiments to full strength. Nor
did the slaughter of Chancellorsville diminish to any apprecia