compelled to complete fusion
with the empire. Admission to their own country, occupied entirely by
Chinese, will be forbidden to them. In reference to a map of
Mantchouria, compiled by the Fathers Jesuits, upon the order of the
Emperor Khang-Hi, Father Duhalde says that they abstained from giving the
Chinese names of places in the map; and he assigns for this the following
reason: "Of what use would it be to a traveller through Mantchouria to be
told, for example, that the river Sakhalien-Oula is called by the Chinese
He-Loung-Kiang, since it is not with Chinese he has there to do; and the
Tartars, whose aid he requires, have never heard the Chinese name." This
observation might be just enough in the time of Khang-Hi, but now the
precise converse would hold good; for in traversing Mantchouria it is
always with Chinese you have to deal, and it is always of the
He-Loung-Kiang that you hear, and never of the Sakhalien-Oula.

[Picture: Chapter Tailpiece]

[Picture: Chinese Money Changers]

CHAPTER V.

The Old Blue Town--Quarter of the Tanners--Knavery of the Chinese
Traders--Hotel of the Three Perfections--Spoliation of the Tartars by the
Chinese--Money Changer's Office--Tartar Coiner--Purchase of two
Sheep-skin Robes--Camel Market--Customs of the Cameleers--Assassination
of a Grand Lama of the Blue Town--Insurrection of the
Lamaseries--Negociation between the Court of Peking and that of
Lha-Ssa--Domestic Lamas--Wandering Lamas--Lamas in Community--Policy of
the Mantchou Dynasty with reference to the Lamaseries--Interview with a
Thibetian Lama--Departure from the Blue Town.

From the Mantchou town to the Old Blue Town is not more than half an
hour's walk, along a broad road, constructed through the large market,
which narrowed the town. With the exception of the Lamaseries, which
rise above the other buildings, you see before you merely an immense mass
of houses and shops huddled confusedly together, without any order or
arrangement whatever. The ramparts of the old town still exist in all
their integrity; but the increase of the population has compelled the
people by degrees to pass this barrier. Houses have risen outside the
walls one after another until large suburbs have been formed, and now the
extra-mural city is larger than the intra-mural.

We entered the city by a broad street, which exhibited nothing remarkable
except the large Lamasery, called, in com