lanations of the orthodox commentators.

Butler was also a musician, or, as he called himself, a Handelian, and in
imitation of the style of Handel he wrote in collaboration with H. Festing
Jones a secular oratorio, _Narcissus_ (1888), and had completed his share
of another, _Ulysses_, at the time of his death on the 18th of June 1902.
His other works include: _Life and Letters_ (1896) of Dr Samuel Butler, his
[v.04 p.0888] grandfather, headmaster of Shrewsbury school and afterwards
bishop of Lichfield; _Alps and Sanctuaries_ (1881); and two posthumous
works edited by R.A. Streatfeild, _The Way of All Flesh_ (1903), a novel;
and _Essays on Life, Art and Science_ (1904).

See _Samuel Butler, Records and Memorials_ (1903), by R.A. Streatfeild, a
collection printed for private circulation, the most important article
included being one by H. Festing Jones originally published in _The Eagle_
(Cambridge, December 1902).

BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848), Irish historian of philosophy, was born
at Annerville, near Clonmel in Ireland, probably in 1814. His father was a
Protestant, his mother a Roman Catholic, and he was brought up as a
Catholic. As a boy he was imaginative and poetical, and some of his early
verses were remarkable. While yet at Clonmel school he became a Protestant.
Later he entered Trinity College, Dublin, where he had a brilliant career.
He specially devoted himself to literature and metaphysics, and was noted
for the beauty of his style. In 1834 he gained the ethical moderatorship,
newly instituted by Provost Lloyd, and continued in residence at college.
In 1837 he decided to enter the Church, and in the same year he was elected
to the professorship of moral philosophy, specially founded for him through
Lloyd's exertions. About the same time he was presented to the prebend of
Clondahorky, Donegal, and resided there when not called by his professorial
duties to Dublin. In 1842 he was promoted to the rectory of Raymochy. He
died on the 5th of July 1848. His _Sermons_ (2 vols., 1849) were remarkably
brilliant and forceful. The _Lectures on the History of Ancient
Philosophy_, edited by W. Hepworth Thompson (2 vols., 1856; 2nd ed., 1 vol.
1875), take a high place among the few British works on the history of
philosophy. The introductory lectures, and those on the early Greek
thinkers, though they evidence wide reading, do not show the complete
mastery that is found in Schwegler or Zeller; but the lectures on Pl