uth, and breeding, or attempting to breed, yearly in the New
Forest, does not come into the subfamily _Buteoninae_, but is probably the
type of a distinct group, _Perninae_, of which there are other examples in
Africa and Asia. In America the name "buzzard" is popularly given to the
turkey-buzzard or turkey-vulture (_Cathartes Aura_).

(A. N.)

BYELAYA TSERKOV (_i.e._ White Church), a town of Russia, in the government
of Kiev, 32 m. S.S.W. of Vasilkov, on the main road from Kiev to the
Crimea, in 49 deg. 47' N. lat. and 30 deg. 7' E. long. Pop. (1860) 12,075; (1897)
20,705. First mentioned in 1155, Byelaya Tserkov was destroyed during the
Mongol invasion of the 13th century. In 1550 a castle was built here by the
prince of Kiev, and various privileges were bestowed upon the inhabitants.
From 1651 the town was subject alternately to Poland and to independent
hetmans (Cossack chiefs). In 1793 it was united to Russia. There is a trade
in beer, cattle and grain, sold at eleven annual fairs, three of which last
for ten days each.

BYELEV, a town of Russia, in the government of Tula, and 67 m. S.W. from
the city of that name on the left bank of the Oka, in 53 deg. 48' N. lat., and
36 deg. 9' E. long. Pop. (1860) 8063; (1897) 9567. It is first mentioned in
1147. It belonged to Lithuania in the end of the 14th century; and in 1468
it was raised to the rank of a principality, dependent on that country. In
the end of the 15th century this principality began to attach itself to the
grand-duchy of Moscow; and by Ivan III. it was ultimately united to Russia.
It suffered greatly from the Tatars in 1507, 1512, 1530, 1536 and 1544. In
1826 the empress Elizabeth died here on her way from Taganrog to St
Petersburg. A public library was founded in 1858 in memory of the poet
Zhukovsky, who was born (1782) in a neighbouring village. The industries
comprise tallow-boiling, oil-manufacture, tanning, sugar-refining and
distilling. There is a trade in grain, hemp oil, cattle and tallow. A fair
is held from the 28th of August to the 10th of September every year.

BYELGOROD (_i.e._ White Town), a town of Russia, in the government of
Kursk, 100 m. S.S.E. by rail from the city of that name, in 50 deg. 46' N. lat.
and 36 deg. 37' E. long., clustering on a chalk hill on the right bank of the
Donets. Pop. (1860) 11,722; (1897) 21,850. In the 17th century it suffered
repeatedly from Tatar incursions, against which there was built (from 1633
to 1740)