h. Ornaments
are manufactured by the inhabitants from alabaster and spar; and excellent
lime is burned at the quarries near Poole's Hole. Buxton is an important
centre for horse-breeding, and a large horse-fair is held annually.
Although the annual rainfall, owing to the situation of the town towards
the western flank of the Pennine Hills, is about 49 in., the air is
particularly dry owing to the high situation and the rapidity with which
waters drain off through the limestone. The climate is bracing and healthy.

The waters were known and used by the Romans, but to a limited extent, and
no remains of their baths survive. Roman roads connected the place with
Derby, Brough in Edale and Manchester. Buxton (Bawdestanes, Bue-stanes),
formed into a civil parish from Bakewell in 1895, has thus claims to be
considered one of the oldest English spas. It was probably the "Bectune"
mentioned in Domesday. After the departure of the Romans the baths seem to
have been long neglected, but were again frequented in the 16th century,
when the chapel of St Anne was hung round with the crutches of those who
were supposed to owe their cure to her healing powers; these interesting
relics were destroyed at the Reformation. The baths were visited at least
four times by Mary queen of Scots, when a prisoner in charge of George,
earl of Shrewsbury, other famous Elizabethan visitors being Lord Burleigh,
the earl of Essex, and Robert, earl of Leicester. At the close of the 18th
century the duke of Devonshire, lord of the manor (whose ancestor Sir Ralph
de Gernons was lord of Bakewell in 1251), spent large sums of money on
improvements in the town. In 1781 he began to build the famous Crescent,
and since that time Buxton has steadily increased in favour as an inland
watering-place. In 1813 a weekly market on Saturday and four annual fairs
were granted. These were bought by the local authorities from the duke of
Devonshire in 1864.

See Gough's edition of Camden's _Britannia_; Stephen Glover, _History of
the County of Derby_ (Derby, 1829); W. Bemrose, _Guide to Buxton_ (London,
1869).

BUXTORF, or BUXTORFF, JOHANNES (1564-1629), German Hebrew and Rabbinic
scholar, was born at Kamen in Westphalia on the 25th of December 1564. The
original form of the name was Bockstrop, or Boxtrop, from which was derived
the family crest, which bore the figure of a goat (Ger. _Bock_, he-goat).
After the death of his father, who was minister of Kamen, Buxtorf studied