inico Philosophico_ (1607; reprinted at Glasgow, 1824); his great
Rabbinical Bible, _Biblic Hebraica cum Paraphr. Chald. et Commentariis
Rabbinorum_ (2 vols., 1618; 4 vols., 1618-1619), containing, in addition to
the Hebrew [v.04 p.0894] text, the Aramaic Paraphrases of Targums,
punctuated after the analogy of the Aramaic passages in Ezra and Daniel (a
proceeding which has been condemned by Richard Simon and others), and the
Commentaries of the more celebrated Rabbis, with various other treatises;
_Tiberias, sive Commentarius Masoreticus_ (1620; quarto edition, improved
and enlarged by J. Buxtorf the younger, 1665), so named from the great
school of Jewish criticism which had its seat in the town of Tiberias. It
was in this work that Buxtorf controverted the views of Elias Levita
regarding the late origin of the Hebrew vowel points, a subject which gave
rise to the controversy between Louis Cappel and his son Johannes Buxtorf
(_q.v._). Buxtorf did not live to complete the two works on which his
reputation chiefly rests, viz. his great _Lexicon Chaldaicum, Talmudicum,
et Rabbinicum_, and the _Concordantiae Bibliorum Hebraicorum_, both of
which were edited by his son. They are monuments of untiring labour and
industry. The lexicon was republished at Leipzig in 1869 with some
additions by Bernard Fischer, and the concordance was assumed by Julius
Fuerst as the basis of his great Hebrew concordance, which appeared in 1840.

For additional information regarding his writings see _Athenae Rauricae_,
pp. 444-448; articles in Ersch and Gruber's _Encyclopaedie_, and
Herzog-Hauck, _Realencyk._; J.P. Niceron's _Memoires_, vol. xxxi. pp.
206-215; J.M. Schroeckh's _Kirchengeschichte_, vol. v. (Post-Reformation
period), pp. 72 seq. (Leipzig, 1806); G.W. Meyer's _Geschichte der
Schrift-Erklaerung_, vol. iii. (Goettingen, 1804); and E. Kautsch, _Johannes
Buxtorf der Aeltere_ (1879).

BUXTORF, or BUXTORFF, JOHANNES (1599-1664), son of the preceding, was born
at Basel on the 13th of August 1599, and when still a boy attained
considerable proficiency in the classical languages. Entering the
university at the age of twelve, he was only sixteen when he obtained his
master's degree. He now gave himself up to theological and especially to
Semitic studies, concentrating later on rabbinical Hebrew, and reading
while yet a young man both the Mishna and the Jerusalem and Babylonian
Gemaras. These studies he further developed by visits to Heidelberg