the Buffalo,
Rochester & Pittsburg, and the Bessemer & Lake Erie railways, and is
connected with Pittsburg by two electric lines. It is built on a small hill
about 1010 ft. above sea-level, and commands extensive views of the
surrounding valley. The Butler County hospital (1899) is located here. A
fair is held in Butler annually. Oil, natural gas, clay, coal and iron
abound in the vicinity, and the borough has various manufactures, including
lumber, railway cars (especially of steel), paint, silk, bricks,
plate-glass, bottles and oil-well tools. The value of the city's factory
products increased from $1,403,026 in 1900 to $6,832,007 in 1905, or
386.9%, this being much the greatest rate of increase shown by any city in
the state having in 1900 a population of 8000 or more. Butler was selected
as the site for the county-seat of the newly-formed county in 1802, was
laid out in 1803, and was incorporated in the same year. The county and the
borough were named in honour of General Richard Butler, a soldier in the
War of Independence and leader of the right wing of General St Clair's
army, which was sent against the Indians in 1791 and on the 4th of November
was defeated, Butler being killed in the engagement.

BUTLER (through the O. Fr. _bouteillier_, from the Late Lat.
_buticularius_, _buticula_, a bottle), a domestic servant who superintends
the wine-cellar and acts as the chief male servant of a household; among
his other duties are the conduct of the service of the table and the
custody of the plate. The butler of a royal household was an official of
high rank, whose duties, though primarily connected with the supply of wine
for the royal table, varied in the different courts in which the office
appears. In England, as superintendent of the importation of wine, a duty
was payable to him (see BUTLERAGE AND PRISAGE); the butlership of Ireland,
_Pincerna Hiberniae_, was given by John, king of England, to Theobald
Walter, who added the name of Butler to his own; it then became the surname
of his descendants, the earls, dukes and marquesses of Ormonde (see BUTLER,
family, above).

BUTLERAGE AND PRISAGE. In England there was an ancient right of the crown
to purveyance or pre-emption, _i.e._ the right of buying up provisions and
other necessities for the royal household, at a valuation, even without the
consent of the owner. Out of this right originated probably that of taking
customs, in return for the protection and maintena