sists mainly of hornblende granite and granulite, which
are covered on the east by two areas of sandstone which may be of
Cambrian age. An enstatite-augite-diorite is sent from Alderney for
road-making. Besides the submerged forest on the coast of Jersey
already mentioned, there are similar occurrences near St Peter Port
and St Sampson's harbour, and in Vazon Bay in Guernsey. Raised beaches
are to be seen at several points in the islands.

_Climate_.--The climate is mild and very pleasant. In Jersey the mean
temperature for twenty years is found to be--in January (the coldest
month) 42.1 deg. F., in August (the hottest) 63 deg., mean annual 51.7
deg. In Guernsey the figures are, for January 42.5 deg., for August 59.7
deg., mean annual 49.5 deg. The mean annual rainfall for twenty-five
years in Jersey is 34.21 in., and in Guernsey 38.64 in. The average
amount of sunshine in Jersey is considerably greater than in the most
favoured spots on the south coast of England; and in Guernsey it is only
a little less than in Jersey. Snow and frost are rare, and the seasons
of spring and autumn are protracted. Thick sea-fogs are not uncommon,
especially in May and June.

_Flora and Fauna._--The flora of the islands is remarkably rich,
considering their extent, nearly 2000 different species of plants having
been counted throughout the group. Of timber properly speaking there is
little, but the evergreen oak, the elm and the beech are abundant. Wheat
is the principal grain in cultivation; but far more ground is taken up
with turnips and potatoes, mangold, parsnip and carrot. The tomato
ripens as in France, and the Chinese yam has been successfully grown.
There is a curious cabbage, chiefly cultivated in Jersey, which shoots
up into a long woody stalk from 10 to 15 ft. in height, fit for
walking-sticks or palisades. Grapes and peaches come to perfection in
greenhouses without artificial heat; and not only apples and pears but
oranges and figs can be reared in the open air. The arbutus ripens its
fruit, and the camellia clothes itself with blossom, as in more southern
climates; the fuchsia reaches a height of 15 or 20 ft., and the magnolia
attains the dimensions of a tree. Of the flowers, both indigenous and
exotic, that abound throughout the islands, it is sufficient to mention
the Guernsey lily with its rich red petals, which is supposed to have
been brought from Japan.

The number of the species of the mammalia is littl