nger's
und John Ford's" in _Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach und
Kulturgeschichte_ (vol. 82, Strassburg, 1897). The suggestion of W.
Minto (see _Characteristics of the English Poets_, 1885) that Chapman
was the "rival poet" of Shakespeare's sonnets is amplified in Mr A.
Acheson's _Shakespeare and the Rival Poet_ (1903). Much satire in
Chapman's introduction is there applied to Shakespeare. For other
criticisms of his translation of Homer see Matthew Arnold, _Lectures
on translating Homer_ (1861), and Dr A. Lohff, _George Chapman's
Ilias-Ubersetzung_ (Berlin, 1903). (M. Br.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Chapman's source in this piece remains undetermined. It cannot be
the _Historia sui temporis_ of Jacques de Thorn, for the 4th volume
of his work, which relates the story, was not published until 1609
(see Koeppel, p. 14).

[2] This play appears to have been issued in 1653 with the title _The
Parracide, or Revenge for Honour_ as the work of Henry Glathorne.

CHAPMAN (from O. Eng. _ceap_, and Mid. Eng. _cheap_, to barter, cf.
"Cheapside" in London, and Ger. _Kaufmann_), one who buys or sells, a
trader or dealer, especially an itinerant pedlar. The word "chap," now a
slang term, meant originally a customer.

CHAPONE, HESTER (1727-1801), English essayist, daughter of Thomas Mulso,
a country gentleman, was born at Twywell, Northamptonshire, on the 27th
of October 1727. She was a precocious child, and at the age of nine
wrote a romance entitled _The Loves of Amoret and Melissa_. Hecky Mulso,
as she was familiarly called, developed a beautiful voice, which earned
her the name of "the linnet." While on a visit to Canterbury she made
the acquaintance of the learned Mrs Elizabeth Carter, and soon became
one of the admirers of the novelist Samuel Richardson. She was one of
the little court of women who gathered at North End, Fulham; and in Miss
Susannah Highmore's sketch of the novelist reading _Sir Charles
Grandison_ to his friends Miss Mulso is the central figure. She
corresponded with Richardson on "filial obedience" in letters as long as
his own, signing herself his "ever obliged and affectionate child." She
admired, however, with discrimination, and in the words of her
biographer (_Posthumous Works_, 1807, p. 9) "her letters show with what
dignity, tempered with proper humility, she could maintain her own
well-grounded opinion." In 1760 Miss Mulso, with her father's reluctant