of the Harvest" (1873), "Running Water" (1875), and "The
Legend" (in the National Gallery, Edinburgh). He became an associate
(1867) and a full member (1871) of the Scottish Academy.

CHALMERS, JAMES (1841-1901), Scottish missionary to New Guinea, was born
at Ardrishaig in Argyll. After serving in the Glasgow City Mission he
passed through Cheshunt College, and, being accepted by the London
Missionary Society, was appointed to Rarotonga in the South Pacific in
1866. Here the natives gave him the well-known name "Tamate." After ten
years' service, especially in training native evangelists, he was
transferred to New Guinea. In addition to his enthusiastic but sane
missionary work, Chalmers did much to open up the island, and, with his
colleague W.G. Lawes, gave valuable aid in the British annexation of the
south-east coast of the island. On the 8th of April 1901, in company
with a brother missionary, Oliver Tomkins, he was killed by cannibals at
Goaribari Island. R.L. Stevenson has left on record his high
appreciation of Chalmers's character and work.

Chalmers's _Autobiography and Letters_ were edited by Richard Lovett
in 1902, who also wrote a popular life called _Tamate_.

CHALMERS, THOMAS (1780-1847), Scottish divine, was born at Anstruther in
Fifeshire, on the 17th of March 1780. At the age of eleven he was
entered as a student at St Andrews, where he devoted himself almost
exclusively to mathematics. In January 1799 he was licensed as a
preacher of the Gospel by the St Andrews presbytery. In May 1803, after
attending further courses of lectures in Edinburgh, and acting as
assistant to the professor of mathematics at St Andrews, he was ordained
as minister of Kilmany in Fifeshire, about 9 m. from the university
town, where he continued to lecture. His mathematical lectures roused so
much enthusiasm that they were discontinued by order of the authorities,
who disliked the disturbance of the university routine which they
involved. Chalmers then opened mathematical classes on his own account
which attracted many students; at the same time he delivered a course of
lectures on chemistry, and ministered to his parish at Kilmany. In 1805
he became a candidate for the vacant professorship of mathematics at
Edinburgh, but was unsuccessful. In 1808 he published an _Inquiry into
the Extent and Stability of National Resources_, a contribution to the
discussion created by Bonaparte's commercial policy. Domestic