7] _Annals_, i. 380.

[58] _Ibid._ vol, x.

[59] _Ibid._ iv. 17.

[60] _Southern Tour_, p. 262; _Northern Tour_, ii. 412.

[61] _Northern Tour_, iv. 410, etc.

[62] _Irish Tour_, ii. 118-19.

[63] _Memoirs of Sir John Sinclair_, by his son. 2 vols., 1837.

[64] _Memoirs_, i. 338.

[65] _A New Statistical Account_, replacing this, appeared in
twenty-four volumes from 1834 to 1844.

[66] He was president for the first five years, and again, from 1806
till 1813. For an account of this, see Sir Ernest Clarke's _History of
the Board of Agriculture_, 1898.

[67] _Northern Tour_, i. 222-32.

[68] _Northern Tour_, ii. 186.

[69] _Southern Tour_, p. 20.

[70] _Northern Tour_, iii. 365.

[71] Arthur Young had a low opinion of Sinclair, whom he took to be a
pushing and consequential busybody, more anxious to make a noise than to
be useful. See Young's _Autobiography_ (1898), pp. 243, 315, 437. Sir
Ernest Clarke points out the injury done by Sinclair's hasty and
blundering extravagance; but also shows that the board did great service
in stimulating agricultural improvement.

[72] Scott's _Letters_, i. 202.

[73] Essay on 'Turgot.' See, in Daire's Collection of the _Economistes_,
the arguments of Quesnay (p. 81), Dupont de Nemours (p. 360), and
Mercier de la Riviere in favour of a legal (as distinguished from an
'arbitrary') despotism.

CHAPTER III

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

I. PAUPERISM

Perhaps the gravest of all the problems which were to occupy the coming
generation was the problem of pauperism. The view taken by the
Utilitarians was highly characteristic and important. I will try to
indicate the general position of intelligent observers at the end of the
century by referring to the remarkable book of Sir Frederick Morton
Eden. Its purport is explained by the title: 'The State of the Poor; or,
an History of the Labouring Classes of England from the Norman Conquest
to the present period; in which are particularly considered their
domestic economy, with respect to diet, dress, fuel, and habitation; and
the various plans which have from time to time been proposed and adopted
for the relief of the poor' (3 vols. 4to, 1797). Eden[74] (1766-1809)
was a man of good family and nephew of the first Lord Auckland, who
negotiated Pitt's commercial treaty. He graduated as B.A. from Christ
Church, Oxford, in 1787; married in 1792, and at his death (14th Nov.
1809) was chairman of the Globe Insurance Company. He wrot