Walter Long. They had first silver
pipes. The ordinary sort made use of a walnut shell and a
strawe. I have heard my grandfather Lyte say that one pipe
was handed from man to man round the table. Sir Walter
Raleigh standing in a stand at Sir Ro. Poyntz parke at Acton
tooke a pipe of tobacco, which made the ladies quitte it
till he had donne."

[Illustration: Sir Walter Raleigh.]

A writer has truthfully said in regard to associating the name and use
of the plant with the primitive users of it.

"The ambitious sought fame by associating themselves with
the introduction of the plant and its cultivation; hence we
find it named after cardinals, legates, and embassadors,
while in compliment to Catherine, wife of Henry the Second,
it was called the Queen's herb."

Kings now rushed into the tobacco trade. Those of Spain took the lead,
and became the largest manufacturers of snuff and cigars in
Christendom, and the royal workshops of Seville are still the most
extensive in Europe. Other monarchs monopolized the business in their
dominions, and all began to reap enormous profits from it, as most do
at this day. In the year 1615 tobacco was first planted in Holland;
and in Switzerland in 1686. As soon as its cultivation became general
in Spain and Portugal the tobacco trade was "farmed out," bringing an
enormous revenue to those kingdoms. About the beginning of the
Seventeenth Century the Portuguese introduced into Hindostan and
Persia[37] two things, pine-apples and tobacco. To the pine-apples no
objection seems to have been made; but to the tobacco the most
strenuous resistance was offered by the sovereigns of the two
countries. Spite, however, of punishments and prohibitions the use of
tobacco spread with the rapidity of lightning.

[Footnote 37: Savary says that tobacco has been known
among the Persians for upwards of 400 years, and
supposes that they received it from Egypt, and not from
the East Indies.]

In England, tobacco taking soon became a favorite custom not only with
the loiterers about taverns and other public places, but among the
courtiers of Elizabeth. Smoking was called drinking tobacco, as the
fashionable method was to "put it through the nose" or exhale it
through the nostrils. At this period tobacco seemed to have nearly the
same effect as it did upon the Indian, producing a sort of
intoxic