hostility to the existing Government arises and
provokes not unnatural resentment.[853]

Recently several attempts have been made to infuse life and order
into Chinese Buddhism. Japanese influence can be traced in most of
them and though they can hardly be said to represent a new school,
they attempt to go back to Mahayanism as it was when first introduced
into China. The Hinayana is considered as a necessary preliminary to
the Mahayana and the latter is treated as existing in several schools,
among which are included the Pure Land school, though the
Contemplative and Tantric schools seem not to be regarded with favour.
They are probably mistrusted as leading to negligence and
superstition.[854]

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 790: [Chinese: ] See especially Hackmann, "Die Schulen
des chinesischen Buddhismus" (in the _Mitth. Seminars fur
Orientalische Sprachen_, Berlin, 1911), which contains the text and
translation of an Essay by a modern Chinese Buddhist, Yang Wen Hui.
Such a review of Chinese sects from the contemporary Buddhist point of
view has great value, but it does not seem to me that Mr. Yang explains
clearly the dogmatic tenets of each sect, the obvious inference being
that such tenets are of little practical importance. Chinese
monasteries often seem to combine several schools. Thus the
Tz'u-Fu-Ssu monastery near Peking professes to belong both to
the Lin-Chi and Pure Land schools and its teachers expound the
Diamond-cutter, Lotus and Shou-Leng-Ching. So also in India. See Rhys
Davids in article Sects Buddhist, _E.R.E._ Hackmann gives a list of
authorities. Edkins, _Chinese Buddhism_ (chaps. VII and VIII), may
still be consulted, though the account is far from clear.]

[Footnote 791: [Chinese: ] and [Chinese: ]]

[Footnote 792: It based itself on the Satyasiddhisastra of
Harivarman, Nanjio, Cat. 1274.]

[Footnote 793: This meditation however is of a special sort. The six
Paramitas are, Dana, Sila, Kshanti, Virya, Dhyana and Prajna. The
meditation of Bodhidharma is not the Dhyana of this list, but
meditation on Prajna, the highest of the Paramitas. See Hackmann's
Chinese text, p. 249.]

[Footnote 794: Ta-mo-hsue-mai-lun, analyzed by Wieger in his _Histoire
des Croyances religieuses en Chine_, pp. 520 ff. I could wish for more
information about this work, but have not been able to find the
original.]

[Footnote 795: Also called Fa-shen or dharmakaya in the discourse.
Bodhidharma said that he preached the _s