tle with Khizr Khan, the governor of Multan.

~The later Dynasties.~--The Saiyyids, who were in power from 1414 to 1451,
only ruled a small territory round Delhi. The local governors and the
Hindu chiefs made themselves independent. Sikandar Lodi (1488-1518)
reduced them to some form of submission, but his successor, Ibrahim,
drove them into opposition by pushing authority further than his power
justified. An Afghan noble, Daulat Khan, rebelled in the Panjab. There
is always an ear at Kabul listening to the first sounds of discord and
weakness between Peshawar and Delhi. Babar, a descendant of Timur, ruled
a little kingdom there. In 1519 he advanced as far as Bhera. Five years
later his troops burned the Lahore _bazar_, and sacked Dipalpur. The
next winter saw Babar back again, and this time Delhi was his goal. On
the 21st of April, 1526, a great battle at Panipat again decided the
fate of India, and Babar entered Delhi in triumph.

~Akbar and his successors.~--He soon bequeathed his Indian kingdom to his
son Humayun, who lost it, but recovered it shortly before his death by
defeating Sikandar Sur at Sirhind. In 1556 Akbar succeeded at the age of
13, and in the same year Bahram Khan won for his master a great battle
at Panipat and seated the Moghals firmly on the throne. For the next
century and a half, till their power declined after the death of
Aurangzeb in 1707, Kabul and Delhi were under one rule, and the Panjab
was held in a strong grasp. When it was disturbed the cause was
rebellions of undutiful sons of the reigning Emperor, struggles between
rival heirs on the Emperor's death, or attempts to check the growing
power of the Sikh Gurus. The empire was divided into _subahs_, and the
area described in this book embraced _subahs_ Lahore and Multan, and
parts of _subahs_ Delhi and Kabul. Kashmir and the trans-Indus tract
were included in the last.

~The Sultans of Kashmir.~--The Hindu rule in Kashmir had broken down by
the middle of the twelfth century. A long line of Musalman Sultans
followed. Two notable names emerge in the end of the fourteenth and the
first half of the fifteenth century, Sikandar, the "Idol-breaker," who
destroyed most of the Hindu temples and converted his people to Islam,
and his wise and tolerant successor, Zain-ul-abidin. Akbar conquered
Kashmir in 1587.

~Moghal Royal Progresses to Kashmir.~--His successors often moved from
Delhi by Lahore, Bhimbar, and the Pir Panjal route to the Happy Va