e _tahsils_ of Ferozepore,
Zira, and Moga, the last with an outlying tract known as Mahraj, which
forms an island surrounded by the territory of several native states.
The southern division contains the _tahsils_ of Muktsar and Fazilka. Our
connection with Ferozepore began in 1809, and, when the widow of the
last Sikh chief of Ferozepore died in 1835, we assumed direct
responsibility for the administration of a considerable part of the
district. Two of the great battles of the first Sikh War, Mudki and
Ferozeshah or more properly Pherushahr, were fought within its borders.
Mamdot with an area of about 400 square miles ceased to be independent
in 1855, but the descendant of the last ruler still holds it in _jagir_.
Fazilka was added in 1864 when the Sirsa district was broken up. Of the
cultivated area 47-1/2 p.c. is irrigated by the Sirhind Canal, the Grey
Inundation Canals, and wells. For the most part the district is divided
into three tracts, the riverain, Hithar or Bet, with a poor clay soil
and a weak population, the Utar, representing river deposits of an older
date when the Sutlej ran far west of its present bed, and the Rohi, an
upland plain of good sandy loam, now largely irrigated by the Sirhind
Canal. The Grey Canals furnish a far less satisfactory source of
irrigation to villages in the Bet and Utar. In different parts of this
huge district the rainfall varies from 10 to 22 inches. The chief crops
are gram and wheat. The Jats are the chief tribe. In the Uplands they
are a fine sturdy race, but unfortunately they are addicted to strong
drink, and violent crime is rife. Ferozepore has a large cantonment and
arsenal and a big trade in grain. It is an important railway junction.

[Illustration: Fig. 97.]

[Sidenote: Area,
12,387 sq. m.
Cultd area,
7924 sq. m.
Pop 4,656,629;
57 p.c. M.
24 p.c. H.
16 p.c. S.
Land Rev.
Rs. 70,53,856
= L470,257.]

~Lahore Division.~--Lahore is the smallest division, but the first in
population. Its political importance is great as the home of the Sikhs
of the Manjha, and because the capital of the province and the sacred
city of the _Khalsa_ are both within its limits. It contains the five
districts of Gurdaspur, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Lahore, and Amritsar. The
Commissioner is in political charge of the Chamba State.

[Sidenote: Area, 1809 sq. m.
Cultd area,
1281 sq. m.
Pop. 836,771;
49 p.c. M.
34 p.c. H.
14-1/2 p.c. S.
Land Rev.
Rs. 17,68,412
= L117,894.]

~Gurdas