a~ occupies five-sevenths of the Phulkian inheritance The
predominant agricultural tribe is the Jats, over three-fourths of whom
are Sikhs. The cultivated area is four-fifths of the total area. Over
one-fourth of the former is irrigated, 27 p.c. from wells, and the rest
from the two canals. In an area extending with breaks from Simla to the
Rajputana desert the variations of agriculture are of course extreme.
The state is excellently served by railways.

~Nizamats.~--There are five _nizamats_ or districts, Pinjaur, Amargarh,
Karmgarh, Anahadgarh, and Mohindargarh. Their united area is equivalent
to that of two ordinary British districts. The Pinjaur _nizamat_ with
headquarters at Rajpura covers only 825 square miles. Of its four
_tahsils_ Pinjaur contains the submontane and hill tract, part of the
latter being quite close to Simla. The other three _tahsils_ Rajpura,
Bannur, and Ghanaur are in the Powadh. The Amargarh _nizamat_ with an
area of 855 square miles comprises the three _tahsils_ of Fatehgarh,
Sahibgarh, and Amargarh. The first two are rich and fertile well tracts.
Amargarh is in the Jangal Des to the south-west of Sahibgarh. It
receives irrigation from the Kotla branch of the Sirhind Canal. The
Karmgarh _nizamat_ with an area of 1835 square miles contains the four
_tahsils_ of Patiala, Bhawanigarh, Sunam, and Nirwana. The headquarters
are at Bhawanigarh. The first three are partly in the Powadh, and partly
in the Jangal Des. Nirwana is in the Bangar. There is much irrigation
from the Sirhind and Western Jamna Canals. The Anahadgarh _nizamat_ lies
wholly in the Jangal Des. It has an area of 1836 square miles, and is
divided into three _tahsils_, Anahadgarh, Bhikhi, and Govindgarh. The
headquarters are at Barnala or Anahadgarh. The Mohindarpur _nizamat_
lies far away to the south on the borders of Jaipur and Alwar (see map
on page 226). Its area is only 576 miles and it has two _tahsils_,
Mohindargarh or Kanaud and Narnaul. Kanaud is the headquarters.

The history down to 1763 has already been related. Raja Ala Singh died
in 1765 and was succeeded by his grandson Amar Singh (1765-1781), who
was occupied in continual warfare with his brother and his neighbours,
as became a Sikh chieftain of those days. His son, Sahib Singh
(1781-1813), came under British protection in 1809. Karm Singh
(1813-1845), his successor, was our ally in the Gurkha War. Maharaja
Narindar Singh, K.C.S.I. (1845-1862), was a wise and brave ma