ats.

[Illustration: Fig. 100.]

[Sidenote: Area, 4802 sq. m.
Cultd area,
2166 sq. m.
Pop. 923,419.
Land Rev.
Rs. 15,43,440
= L102,896.]

~Gujranwala~ is a very large district in the Rechna Doab, with five
_tahsils_, Wazirabad, Gujranwala, Sharakpur, Hafizabad, and Khangah
Dogran. The rainfall varies from 20 inches on the Sialkot border to ten
or eleven in the extreme south-west corner of the district. Gujranwala
is naturally divided into three tracts: the Riverain of the Ravi and
Chenab, the Bangar or well tract, and the Bar once very partially
cultivated, but now commanded by the Lower and Upper Chenab Canals.
Enormous development has taken place in the Hafizabad and Khangah Dogran
_tahsils_ in the 20 years since the Lower Chenab Canal was opened. Of
late years the rest of the district has suffered from plague and
emigration, and has not prospered. But a great change will be effected
by irrigation from the Upper Chenab Canal, which is just beginning. In
the east of the district much sour clay will become culturable land, and
the Bar will be transformed as in the two _tahsils_ watered by the older
canal. Of the cultivated area 73-1/2 p.c. is irrigated, 36-1/2 from
wells and 37 from canals. The chief crops are wheat and gram. There is,
as is usual in the Western Panjab, a great preponderance of Spring
crops. The Jats are far and away the strongest element in the
population.

[Sidenote: Area, 1601 sq. m.
Cultd area,
1184 sq. m.
Pop. 880,728;
46 p.c. M.
29 p.c. S.
24 p.c. H.
Land Rev.
Rs. 12,70,799
= L84,720.]

~Amritsar~ is a small district lying in the Bari Doab between Gurdaspur
and Lahore. 62 p.c. of the cultivated area is irrigated, half from
12,000 wells and half from the Upper Bari Doab Canal. Unfortunately much
waterlogging exists, due to excessive use of canal water and defective
drainage. Measures are now being taken to deal with this great evil,
which has made the town of Amritsar and other parts of the district
liable to serious outbreaks of fever. There are two small riverain
tracts on the Bias and Ravi and a poor piece of country in Ajnala
flooded by the Sakki. The main part of the district is a monotonous
plain of fertile loam. The two western _tahsils_, Amritsar and Tarn
Taran, are prosperous, Ajnala is depressed. The rainfall is moderate
averaging 21 or 22 inches, and the large amount of irrigation makes the
harvests secure. The chief crops are wheat and gram.

[Illustration: Fig. 101.