lar troops have all been removed from the district. The peace of the
borderland is maintained by a tribal militia under the command of a
British officer.

[Illustration: Fig. 115.]

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 8: Some estates lying to the east of the Jamna and belonging
to the United Provinces have recently been added to the enclave.]

[Footnote 9: H. = Hindu, M. = Muhammadan, S. = Sikh.]

[Footnote 10: Not shown in map.]

[Footnote 11: See page 169.]

[Footnote 12: This leading tribe in the Panjab is known as Jat in the
Hindi-speaking Eastern districts and as Jat elsewhere.]

[Footnote 13: Ch.=Christian.]

[Footnote 14: There is a project for improving the water-supply of
inundation canals in the west of the district by building a weir across
the Chenab below its junction with the Jhelam.]

CHAPTER XXVI

THE PANJAB NATIVE STATES

1. _The Phulkian States_

[Sidenote: Area, 7599 sq. m.
Pop. 1,928,724.
Rev.
Rs. 118,00,000
= L786,666.]

~Phulkian States.~--The three Phulkian States of Patiala, Jind, and
Nabha form a political agency under the Panjab Government. They occupy,
with Bahawalpur and Hissar, the bulk of that great wedge of light loam
and sand which Rajputana, physically considered, pushes northwards
almost to the Sutlej. In the Phulkian States this consists of two
tracts, the Powadh and the Jangal Des. The former, which occupies the
north and north-east of their territory, possesses a light fertile loam
soil and a very moderate natural water level, so that well irrigation is
easy. The Jangal Des is a great tract of sandy loam and sand in the
south-west. Water lies too deep for the profitable working of wells, but
the harvests are far less insecure than one would suppose looking to the
scantiness of the rainfall. The soil is wonderfully cool and
drought-resisting. The dry cultivation consists of millets in the
Autumn, and of gram and mixed crops of wheat or barley and gram in the
Spring, harvest. The three states have rather more than a one-third
share in the Sirhind Canal, their shares _inter se_ being Patiala 83.6,
Nabha 8.8, and Jind 7.6. Portions of the Powadh and Jangal Des are
irrigated. In the case of the Powadh there has been in some places over
irrigation considering how near the surface the water table is. The
Nirwana _tahsil_ in Patiala and the part of Jind which lies between
Karnal and Rohtak is a bit of the Bangar tract of the south-eastern
Panjab, with a strong loam soil and a