; cf. Everett for Everard
(Chapter II). Hay, also Haig, Haigh, Haw, Hey, is cognate with Hedge.
Like most monosyllabic local surnames, it is commonly found in the
plural, Hayes, Hawes. The bird nickname Hedgecock exists also as
Haycock. The curious-looking patronymics Townson and Orchardson are
of course corrupt. The former is for Tomlinson and the latter perhaps
from Achard (Chapter VIII).

Several places and families in England are named Hide or Hyde, which
meant a certain measure of land. The popular connection between this
word and hide, a skin, as in the story of the first Jutish settlement,
is a fable. It is connected with an Anglo-Saxon word meaning
household, which appears also in Huish, Anglo-Sax. hi-wisc. Dike, or
Dyke, and Moat, also Mott, both have, or had, a double meaning. We
still use dike, which belongs to dig and ditch, both of a trench and a
mound, and the latter was the earlier meaning of Fr. motte, now a
clod, In Anglo-French we find moat used of a mound fortress in a
marsh. Now it is applied to the surrounding water. From dike come
the names Dicker, Dickman, Grimsdick, etc. Sometimes the name Dykes
may imply residence near some historic earthwork, such as Offa's Dyke,
just as Wall, for which Waugh was used in the north, may show
connection with the Roman wall. With these may be mentioned the
French name Fosse, whence the apparently pleonastic Fosdyke and the
name of Verdant Green's friend, Mr. Four-in-hand Fosbrooke. Delves is
from Mid. Eng. dell, ditch. Jury is for Jewry, the quarter allotted
to the Jews, but Jewsbury is no doubt for Dewsbury; cf. Jewhurst for
Dewhurst.

Here may be mentioned a few local surnames which are hard to classify.
We have the apparently anatomical Back, Foot, Head, and, in compounds,
-side. Back seems to have been used of the region behind a building
or dwelling, as it still is at Cambridge. Its plural has given Bax.
But it was also a personal name connected with Bacon (Chapter XXIII).

We should expect Foot to mean the base of a hill, but it always occurs
in early rolls without a preposition. It may represent in some cases
an old personal name of obscure origin, but it is also a nickname with
compounds such as Barfoot, Lightfoot. The simple Head, found as Mid.
Eng. del heved, is perhaps generally from a shop sign. Fr. Tete, one
origin of Tait, Tate, and Ger. Haupt, Kopf, also occur as surnames.
As a local suffix -head appears to mean top-end and is